BERBERIDACE®. 71 
. Genera Plantarum,” include in this order the Lardizabalez and 
the genera Nandina and Podophyllum, in which the anthers open 
by slits in the usual way. 
GENUS TI—BERBERIS. Linn. 
Sepals deciduous, petaloid, 9, in 38 whorls, those in the outer 
whorl (bracteoles ?) much smaller than the others, those in the 
inner whorls spreading. Petals 6, in two rows, generally a little 
smaller than the sepals, most usually concave and connivent, com- 
monly with 2 glands near the base. Stamens 6. Anthers with 2 
valves opening upwards. Pistil solitary, with a peltate stigma. 
Ovules few, erect, growing from the base of the carpel. Berry 
indehiscent, usually 2-seeded. Embryo large. 
Shrubs with yellow wood and pinnate leaves; the leaflets 
reduced to 1 and the primary leaves to spines in some species ; 
leaflets spinously serrate. Flowers yellow, in racemes, or rarely 
solitary. 
SPECIES I—-BERBERIS VULGARIS. Linn. 
Prate LI.* 
Reich. Ic. Fl. Germ. et Helv. Vol. III. Pap. Tab. XVIII. Fig. 4486. 
Primary leaves reduced to trifurcate spines ; secondary leaves 
in fascicles, produced from the axil of the spines, simple, sub- 
sessile, obovate-elliptical, margin serrate, with the teeth terminating 
in small spines. Racemes pendulous. Berries oblong-ovoid. 
In hedges and thickets. Rather frequent. A doubtful native 
in Scotland. 
England, [Scotland,] Ireland. Shrub. Early Summer. 
Stems woody, much branched, 3 to 6 feet high, with ash-coloured 
bark. Primary leaves on the woody shoots transformed into tri- 
furcate spines with an enlarged base, the spines on the upper part 
of the branch often simple ; ‘secondary leaves in fascicles from the 
axils of the spines, elliptical-obovate, tapering at the base into a 
short footstalk, finely serrate, with the serratures terminated by 
short cartilaginous spines or bristles ; leaves of the barren shoots of 
the year alternate, presenting various gradations from leaves into 
* The Plate is re-drawn from E. B. 49, with corrections by Mr. J. E. Sowerby. 
