PAPAVERACE A. 81 
ORDER IV.—PAPAVERACES. 
Annual or perennial herbs, or (very rarely) shrubby plants, often 
with coloured milky juice. Leaves alternate, exstipulate. Flowers 
perfect, regular or (in the Fumariez) irregular. Sepals 2 or 3, rarely 
4, imbricated, very caducous. Petals 4 or 6, rarely 8 or 12, hypo- 
gynous, free, often corrugated, deciduous. Stamens hypogynous, 
indefinite, free, except in the Fumariezx, where they are definite, 
with the filaments commonly united into 2 bundles. Ovary free, 
1-celled, with parietal placentee, which are sometimes nerve-like, 
sometimes projecting inwards, sometimes even united in the centre, 
so as to form a many-celled ovary; and in a few cases 2 nerve-like 
placentz are connected by a spurious dissepiment, thus making a 
2-celled ovary. Style short or absent; stigmas equal in number to 
the placentze, radiating on a disk to which they are adnate on the 
summit of the ovary, or distinct. Ovules anatropous, ascending or 
horizontal. Fruit a capsule, opening by pores or valves ; indehiscent 
and 1-seeded in some of the Fumarieze. Seeds globose, or reniform- 
ovoid. Embryo minute, near the base of fleshy albumen containing 
fixed oil. 
Sus-OrpEer I.—PAPAVERIM®. Linn. 
Petals nearly alike. Stamens indefinite, free. 
GENUS I—PAPAVER. Zinn. 
Sepals 2, rarely 3, herbaceous, very caducous, falling off when 
the flower opens. Petals 4, crumpled in estivation, caducous. 
Stamens indefinite. Capsule globose, ovoid, or clavate, 1-celled, 
with placentz projecting more or less into the interior, and forming 
imperfect partitions. Stigmas 4 to 20, sessile, radiating upon a flat 
or convex disk at the top of the capsule. Capsule opening by small 
scale-like teeth underneath the edges of the expanded disk. Seeds 
very numerous, punctured, without a strophiole. 
Herbs, often glaucous, with white or pale yellowish sap. Leaves 
often lobed or dissected. Flowers solitary, erect, drooping in bud, 
the sepals falling off when the flower opens. 
French, Pavot. German, Mohn. 
The generic name is derived from papa, pap or thick milk, or pappare, to eat of 
gs pubic Vid! papp 
pap. This may have arisen either from the milky nature of the juice of the Poppy, or 
M 
