CRUCIFERA. 183 
SPECIES I—COCHLEARIA ARMORACIA. Lina. 
PuateE CXXIX.* 
Reich. Tc. Fl. Germ. et Helv. Vol. II. Zetr. Tab. XVIT. Fig. 4262. 
Armoracia rusticana, “Fl. der Wett.” Bab. Man. Brit. Bot. ed. v. p. 30. Hook. & Arn. 
Brit. Fl. ed. viii. p. 29. 
Koch, Syn. Fl. Germ. et Helv. ed. ii. :p. 71. 
Roripa rusticana, Gr. & Godr. FI. de Fr. p. 127. 
Root perennial, thickened, fleshy. Stem with numerous ascend- 
ing branches on the upper part. Jadical leaves sub-coriaceous, on 
long stalks, oblong, crenate or serrate; stem leaves on short stalks 
or sessile, elliptical or strap-shaped, the lower ones often pinnatifid, 
but they sometimes resemble the uppermost ones in being only 
crenate or serrate. Pods (very rarely perfected) ovoid; style very 
short. 
By the sides of rivers, in ditches, and in waste places. Not 
unfrequent both in England and Scotland, but only where it has 
escaped from cultivation. 
[ England, Scotland, Ireland]. Perennial. Spring, Summer. 
Rootstock thick and fleshy, appearing to be a continuation of 
the root, emitting subterranean stolons. Stems erect, stout, tough, 
striated, 2 to 3 feet high or even more, much branched in the upper 
part; the branches ascending, erect, slender, the uppermost leafless. 
Radical leaves very large, often a foot or more long, ovate or 
oval-oblong, generally unequal at the base; stem leaves much 
smaller and narrower, attenuated towards the base. Flowers 
white, $ inch across, in a compound flat-topped panicle, each 
branch of which terminates in a small corymb. Petals about twice 
as long as the sepals, and with them often persistent on the 
abortive pods. Pedicels 4 to } inch long. Pods about 4 inch 
long, scarcely twice as long as broad; valves very convex, without 
a dorsal nerve. Seeds 8 to 12 in each cell of the pod, “ovoid, 
smooth” + (Gr. & Godr. Fl. de Fr.). Plant dark green, glabrous. 
Horseradish. 
French, Cranson de Bretagne, Moutarde des Allemands, Cran de Bretagne. 
German, Der Gewthnliche Meerrettig. 
The long rough snail-eaten leaves of the Horseradish are not uncommonly seen 
on the banks of our rivers, but it is somewhat doubtful whether the plant is a native 
of our island, or has escaped from some of the gardens where it is so commonly 
grown as a condiment to our national dish roast-beef. From ancient times it seems 
* The Plate is E. B. 2323. + I have never seen mature seeds, 
