Rev. Canon Ingram — Cave in Great Ormes Read. 307 



a certain extent the amorphous base, leaving a residue that approaches 

 very near the composition of the second mineral, B. Now if the 

 conditions are favourable, B will exhaust the residue until that 

 approaches in composition to C ; and so on. 



If, however, the conditions that were favourable to the formation 

 of more A were prevented from continuing, the residue would not 

 perhaps be suitable to the formation of B, but to another mineral 

 which we will call X. This X may, in its turn, leave a residue from 

 which would not form C but another species Y. "We should in this 

 way have two rocks derived from the same magma and having the 

 same chemical composition, yet differing widely in their mineral 

 components, which using the above letters could be represented thus : 

 A + B + C = A + X + Y. 



V. — On the Discovery of Human Bones and Ornaments in a 



Cave in the Great Ormes Head, 



By the Eer. Canon A. H. Winnington Ingram, F.G.S. 



AGAVE in the south escarpment of the Great Ormes Head has 

 been in gradual process of exploration by a person named 

 Kendrick, In its silt and breccia he has discovered fragments of 

 human skeletons, indicating by their dimensions that the individuals 

 to whom they belonged were about five feet six inches in height. 

 Some of their tibiae are still to be seen imbedded in situ. There has 

 also been found a considerable quantity of swine's teeth, each marked 

 on the fang with from four to six transverse lines, and perforated at 

 the extremity with a hole through which ran probably a tendon of a 

 reindeer or some other ligament stringing them together as a necklace. 

 There is a similar one, composed of human teeth, in the Christie 

 Collection in the British Museum, worn by the inhabitants of the 

 Solomon Islands. From the same cave deposit there have been 

 extracted several bears' teeth, with a hole in each of them for their 

 suspension as ear-rings, and two lower equine jaws with the enamel 

 of the four incisors highly polished, and with zigzag marks on the 

 surface of the maxillary bone. These were probably hung also from 

 the necks of the cave-men as ornaments.^ The whole cavern, or a 

 portion of it, has been considered to have formed a burial-place for 

 some Iberian tribe ; but the careless and irreverent manner in wliich 

 the dead in it appear to have been disposed of seems to indicate that 

 it might have been the habitation of a race of cave-men akin to the 

 Eskimos, whom Professor Boyd Dawkins, in his " Early Man in 

 Britain," describes as so indifferent to the sepulture of their deceased 

 relatives that they sometimes cover up their bodies with snow and 

 leave them to be eaten by dogs or foxes. The cave, which contains 

 a natural reservoir of water, has only been partially excavated, 

 and further researches seem most desirable, as they might lead to 

 the finding of very important relics of its original inhabitants, as 

 well as settle any doubts which may have arisen as to the accuracy 

 of the present explorer's statement, on which the truth of the dis- 

 covery of the above-mentioned remains in that particular cave rests. 

 1 In the same way as the natives of New Guinea wear lower human jaws as bracelets. 



