Dr. 0. Herrmann — Distribution of Graptolites. 411 



lites in Silesia, upon which F. Romer reports ; in CarintJiia and in 

 Bohemia. The Bohemian Graptolites are known to all geologists. 

 They are derived from the environs of Prague and Beraun, and the 

 names of places which occur most frequently in our literature are : 

 Motol, Gross-Kuchel, Konigshof, Libornischl, Konieprus, Borek, 

 Jarow, etc. 



The Silurian formations of the neighbouring Saxony and of 

 Tlmringia also present a rich storehouse ; in the former country the 

 Graptolites are all of Upper Silurian age ; in the latter both Upper 

 and Lower Silurian. The names of the long-known localities are : 

 Frankeuberg, Langenstriegis, Reichenbach, Oelsnitz, Hartmanns- 

 griin, the neighbourhood of Saalburg and Schleiz, of Ronneburg and 

 Saalfeld. In Bavaria, Culmbach. Barrande's investigations on the 

 Bohemian Graptolites/ as also those of H. B. Geinitz on those of 

 Saxony,^ are known to every one. The writings of R. Richter upon 

 Thuringian Graptolites ^ also merit notice. 



In North Germany, in the Harz, we once more come upon a spot 

 with Graptolites in their original place of deposition ; our fossils 

 have been discovered here upon the south side of the Rausberg, and 

 near Thall at the northern margin of the mountain. For the know- 

 ledge of this we are indebted to Kayer and Lessen. 



On the other hand, the points are innumerable at which Graptolites 

 have been observed in northern erratics with which the low plain 

 of northern Europe is strewed. In these Graptolites have been 

 found by Romer, F. Haidenhayn,* and K. Haupt. It is only quite 

 lately that S. A. Tullberg® has again demonstrated that one of the 

 Graptolitiferous rocks met with in North Germany agrees perfectly 

 both in its petrographic constitution and in the organic remains 

 contained in it with a rock found in place in Skane. In the island 

 of Bornholm (investigated by Forch hammer, Johnstrup, etc.), which 

 geologically, " forms a direct continuation of southern Sweden," 

 various Graptolite-zones of Skane have also been recognized. 



It must also be mentioned that these characteristic Silurian fossils 

 have been detected in several places in the widely-extended Silurian 

 deposits of Russia, as in the Baltic provinces of Esthland and 

 Ingermannland, in Poland at Zbrza near Kielce, and in the Ural. 

 Eichwald and Schmidt have investigated Graptolites from the 

 Baltic provinces, and Zeuschner others from Poland.^ 



The above-mentioned localities are thrown quite into the shade, as 

 regards the state of preservation and number of the individuals, by 

 the North American ones. In the widespi'ead Transatlantic Silurian 

 formations, especially in Canada, Graptolitic deposits have been 

 discovered which have become inestimable mines of wealth to the 



1 " Graptolites de Bolieme," Prague, 1850. 



^ " Die Versteinerungen der Grauwackeaformation in Sachsen: I. Graptolithen," 

 Leipzig, 1852. 



■^ Zeitschr. d. deutsch. geol. Gesellsch. 1850, 1851, 1866, 1871, 1875. 



* Zeitschr. d. deutsch. geol. Gesellsch. vol. xxi. (1869), p. 143. 



5 Ibid. vol. XXXV (1883), p. 256. 



6 Ibid. vol. xxi. (1869), p. 669. 



