524 Reviews — Geological Survey Memoirs. 



box-stones whose fossils are of tlie age of the Diestian Crag of 

 Belgium. We regret that Mr. Whitaker has not given a full list 

 of the Bed Crag fossils ; for although the works of Searles Wood and 

 Prestwich contain long lists, yet it would have been convenient for 

 the student to have in this one volume a complete account of the 

 palceontologj'^ of the district. 



An excellent account of the literature of the Eed Crag, with critical 

 remarks, occupying over eleven pages, will be of much service to 

 those desirous of studying what has been written about the forma- 

 tion. Detailed accounts of the various sections of Red Crag occupy 

 27 pages. Of these sections, those of Tattingstone, Felixstow, 

 Foxhall, Sutton, Ramsholt and Bawdsey are among the best known. 

 Mr. Whitaker concludes that the Eed Crag was accumulated in a 

 short time, geologically speaking, and that it " is a small thing " 

 compared with our Grlacial Drift or Eiver Gravels. 



Under the heading of " Glacial Drift," various deposits of Sand 

 and Gravel, Brickearth or Loam, and Boulder-clay are included ; but 

 for classificatory purposes Mr. Whitaker would make only two 

 divisions of the Drift. The Boulder-clay is the Upper Glacial of 

 Wood and Harmer, the Sand and Gravel their Middle Glacial, and 

 the Brickearth, to some extent at least, their Lower Glacial ; but the 

 strong division insisted on by Mr. Wood as occurring between the 

 Middle and Lower Glacial Beds is not recognized by Mr. Whitaker. 

 He states that, while he cannot disprove Mr. Wood's theory, he is 

 disposed to think that the Brickearth may occur in the form of large 

 lenticular masses in the Sand and Gravel. In the district there is 

 little evidence of the occurrence of beds of Boulder-clay in the sand 

 and gravel or with the brickearth that underlie this great sheet of 

 clay, but such layers do occur here and there. The various Drifts 

 are described in detail, they occur over nearly the whole of the 

 area, and are therefore most important in their relation to agriculture, 

 and in connection with local questions of water-supply. 



The term Glacial Drift is used in a chronological sense to include 

 all beds formed during what is known as the Glacial Period. The 

 term Post-Glacial is, however, applied to certain Eiver or Valley 

 Drifts which are later than the Glacial Drift of the district, but 

 which may in some cases have been formed while Glacial conditions 

 still endured in portions of the British area. Among these " Post- 

 Glacial " deposits the most interesting are the beds at Stutton Ness, 

 containing many land and freshwater moUusca; and a deposit at 

 Ipswich which has yielded remains of Elephas antiqnus, FJ. primi- 

 genius, Rhinoceros tichorhinus, etc. Among recent deposits, the Allu- 

 vium of the Orwell is noteworthy, with its peaty deposits first 

 described by Dr. J. E. Taylor, which have yielded teeth of the 

 Mammoth (? derived). Accounts of Shingle and Blown Sand are 

 also given. A chapter entitled Miscellaneous is devoted to Disturb- 

 ances, and Economics. Under the latter heading we find analyses of 

 the Pseudo-coprolites and fossil bones. 



Appendices giving details of Well-sections and Borings, some 

 Supplementary Notes to other Memoirs (relating to Sudbury and 



