20 ENGLISH BOTANY. 



latter than the former, so that it may be merely an extreme state 

 of it. From the form of C. acaulis with the stem developed, it is 

 distinguishable by being stoloniferous, having the radical fibres 

 often fusiform, the leaves less spinous, the heads more globose 

 and smaller, and the whole plant being arachnoid-pubescent, 

 especially on the stem and imder side of the leaves. From forms 

 of C. pratensis with pinnatifid leaves, it differs in the leaves 

 being much more deeply pinnatifid, the segments more deeply cut, 

 with narrower lobes, and terminating in stronger spines ; the 

 pericline less arachnoid, the phyllaries shorter and broader, with 

 dark strise at the tip ; the limb of the corolla more slender, 

 rather shorter in proportion to the phyllaries, the style less pro- 

 truded ; and the whole plant less arachnoid-pubescent. 



Some of the foi-ms bear a very close resemblance to C. tuberosus, 

 but the supposed hybrid is distinctly stoloniferous, as in C. pra- 

 tensis, and has the stem stout as in that species, very cottony 

 above, not thin and wiry, and not so tall as in C. tuberosus; 

 the leaves are usually less deeply pinnatifid and with the segments 

 less diverging, and with stronger spines ; the outer phyllaries 

 arc broader and less gradually tapering ; and the plant has the 

 under side of the leaves and stem, especially in ths upper part, more 

 arachnoid-pubescent. 



Found by the late Mr. S. P. Woodward, in the year 1848, in 

 a piece of ground broken up only a few years before, on the farm 

 of Mr. Thomas ArkcU, at Penhill, in the parish of Stratton St. Mar- 

 garet's, two miles from Swindon, Wilts ; and between St. Donat's 

 and Dunravcu, Glamorganshire. 



CARDUUS ARVENSI-ACAULIS. 



Plate DCXCVII. 



Intermediate between C. arvensis and C. acaulis, diflfering 

 from the former by the anthodes being as large as those of 

 C. acaulis, and the flowers crimson, the phyllaries green, the 

 pajjpus short, and the stem woolly. From C. acaulis it is distin- 

 guished by its creeping rootstock, its branched stem 2 feet high, 

 and by its leaves being less deeply pinnatifid with less divided 

 segments — indeed, very similar to those of C. arvensis. 



lloadside, near Burton-wood, Chcsterford, Essex; found by 

 Mr. G. S. Gibson. 



Mr. G. S. Gibson has also found in Essex plants believed to be 



