12 ENGLISH BOTANY. 



or simple in the upper ones. Pericline 1;^ to 2 inches across 

 or more, and of about the same length ; phyllaries ciliated with 

 reddish curled hairs on the point, which is reddish or green. 

 Plowers light reddish-purple. Anthers dark-purple. Style white. 

 Achenes yellowish-grey mottled with black, shining, smooth, with 

 a small rounded tubercle in the centre of the disk. Pappus very 

 long, of feathery hairs. Plant deep dull-green, pericline and under 

 side of the leaves hoary with arachnoid pubescence. 



Sometimes the points of the phyllaries are destitute of Sj^^nes. 



Woolly-headed Thistle. 



French, Cirse Laineux. German, Wolkopjige Kratzdistd. 



This Thistle is eaten when young as a salad. The young stalks, peeled and 

 soaked in water to take off tlie bitterness, are excellent, and may be either boiled or 

 baked in pies, after the manner of rhubarb. The scales of the cup are as good fts arti- 

 chokes. These properties in the Woolly-headed Thistle must be of recent discovery, 

 for, to our surprise, we find our old friend Gerarde without a single suggestion as to 

 their value. Contrary to his usual wont, he says : " Concerning the temperature and 

 vertues of the.se thistles we can alledge nothing at all." 



Section II.— ONOTROPHE. Cass. 



Plowers polygamo-diojcious or sub-dioecious or all (?) perfect. 

 Leaves without spines on the upper surface, but generally with 

 distant hairs. 



SPECIES VI.— CAR DU US PALUSTRIS. Limu 

 Plate DCLXXXVIII. 



Rdch. Ic. FL Germ, et Helv. Vol. XV. Tab. DCCCXXXI. 



Billot, Fl. Gall, et Germ. Exsicc. No. 1016. 



Cirsium palustre. Scop. Koch, Syn. Fl. Germ, et Helv. ed. ii. p. 453. Gr. <fe Godr. 



Fl. de Fr. Vol. II. p. 212. Fries, Sum. Veg. Scaud. p. 4. 

 Cnicus palustris, WUld. Hook. & Am. Brit. Fl. ed. viii. p. 23G. 



Biennial. Stem elongated, branched, spinous-wingcd. Radical 

 leaves narrowly oblanceolate, petiolatc, crcnate lobed, bristly- 

 spinous at the margins ; stem-leaves dccurrent, undulated, deeply 

 pinnatifld, with the lobes usually bifid or trifid and spinous- 

 toothed, with scattered hairs above, and more or less thinly 

 araclmoid beneath. Anthodcs sub -sessile, aggregated at the 

 extremity of the stem and branches. Pericliue ovoid, slightly 

 arachnoid ; phyllaries adpressed, lanceolate, the outer ones mu- 

 cronate, the inner ones longer, strapsbapcd, subscarious and not 

 spinous. Pappus plumose. 



