10 ENGLISH BOTANY. 



Section I.— Er.IOLEPIS. Cass. 



Plowcrs perfect. Leaves rough with small subulate spines all 

 over the upper surface. 



SPECIES IV.— C A RDU US L ANCEOL ATU S, Linn. 



Plate DCLXXXVI. 



Reich. Ic. Fl. Germ, et Helv. Vol. XV. Tab. DCCCXXVI. 



Billot, Fl. Gull, et Germ. Exsicc. No. 3121. 



Cirsium lanceolatum, Koch, Syn. Fl. Germ, et Helv. ed. ii. p. 452. Gr. & Godr. 



Fl. de Fr. Vol. II. p. 209. Fries, Sura. Veg. Scand. p. 1. 

 Cuicus lanceolatus, Willd. Ilook. & Am. Brit. Fl. ed. viii. p. 23G. 



Biennial. Stem elongated, branched, interruptedly winged. 

 Radical leaves elliptical-oblancoolate, attenuated at the base, sub- 

 petiolate, the earliest ones fiat, lobed-pinnatifid, the later ones 

 undulated, dceply-pinnatifid, tlie divisions spinous ; stem-leaves 

 decurrent, slightly undulated, pinnatifid ; segments bifid, with 

 the upper lobe of each pair usually toothed at the base and 

 spinous, the lower one commonly entire ; upper surface clothed 

 with minute subulate spines, tlie lower one rough or more or 

 less arachnoid- pubescent. Anthodes sub - solitaiy, or aggregated 

 in pairs or threes at the extremity of the stem and branches. 

 Pericline ovate-ovoid, slightly arachnoid ; phyllaries adpressed, 

 lanceolate, acuminated into a long bayonet-shaped spreading point, 

 not cUiated at the margin nor dilated towards the apex, with a 

 strong central nerve excvirrent into a stout spine. Pappus plumose. 



In waste places, by roadsides, in pastures, and cultivated 

 ground. Very common, and generally distributed over the whole 

 kingdom. 



England, Scotland, Ireland. Biennial or Annual. 

 Late Summer and Autumn. 



Stem 1 to 5 feet high, sulcate, more or less wooUy with narrow 

 spinous \vings. Leaves with the segments elongated and palmately- 

 cleft in large examples, but short and scarcely even bifid in weak 

 specimens. Pericline 1 to 1^ inch broad by 1 to I-3- long. Phyl- 

 laries green, the outer ones with recurved tips, the inner ones sca- 

 rious and not spinous-pointed, shorter tlian the florets. Flowers 

 light crimson-purple. Achencs y inch long, smooth, yellow streakeci 

 with black, with a prominent rounded tubercle in the centre of tlif. 

 disk. Pappus white, with the hairs feathery. Leaves dark dull- 

 green above, paler beneath, where they are sometimes nearly whitf?, 

 when the arachnoid pubescence is abundant. 



