,8 ENGLISH BOTANT. 



sinuafc-pinnatifid ; stem-leaves deeply doubly-pinnatifid, spinous, 

 tlie upper ones narrower. Antbodes aggregated at the extremity 

 of the stem and branches, rarely solitary, with leaves generally 

 in their immediate vicinity, erect. Pericline subglobular-ovoid, 

 rounded at the base, slightly arachnoid ; phyllaries adpressed, 

 strapshaped-subulate, spinous-pointed. Pappus of silky hairs, not 

 plumose. 



Var. a, gemdnus. Gr. & Godr. 



Reich. Ic. Fl. Germ, et Helv. Vol. XV. Tab. DCCCLXXX. Fig. 1. 

 Koch, Syn. Fl. Germ, et Helv. ed. ii. p. 4G0. 



Leaves hoary-pubescent beneath. Antbodes aggregated. Peri- 

 cline sub-globular. 



Var. 3, polyantliemos. Godr. 



ne.ich. Ic. I. c, Fig. 2. 



U. polyanthemos, Koch, Syn. Fl. Germ, et Helv. ed. i. p. 401. 



C. multiaorus, Gaudln, Fl. Hel. Vol. V. p. 106. 



Leaves green on both sides, pubescent on the A'eins. Antbodes 

 aggregated. Pericline ovoid. 



Var. 7, litiffiosiis. Gr. & Godr. 



Bekk 1. c, Tab. DCCCXXIII. 



miot, Fl. Gall, et Germ. Exsicc. No. 2C95. 



C. acanthoides, Koch, Syn. Fl. Germ, et Helv. ed. ii. p. 459. 



C. polyacanthos, Schreb. Fl. Lips. p. 15. 



Leaves green on both sides, pubescent on the veins beneath. 

 Antbodes sub-solitary. Pericline sub-globular. 



In hedge-banks, borders of fields, and by roadsides. Common, 

 and generally distributed in England; less so in Scotland, and 

 absent from the extreme North of that country. Var. y less 

 abundant than the other forms. 



England, Scotland, Ireland. Biennial. Late Summer 

 and Autumn. 



Stem erect, 1 to 4 feet high, branched, with the branches 

 ascending, Avith narrow but very spinous wings, the upper portion 

 at least pubescent. Leaves resembling those of C. nutans, but 

 generally broader. Antbodes very variable in size, smallest when 

 most numerously aggregated. Pericline f to f inch across, and 

 |- to f long, with the phyllaries rough at the edges, the inner ones 

 sub-scarious, and purplish at the point, rather shorter than the 

 florets. Florets purplish-crimson. Achenes brownish fawu-coloui*, 

 sliining, with rather indistinct longitudinal striae, finely shagreeued 

 all over; central tubercle prominent, indistinctly 5-lobed. Plant 



