2 ENGLISH BOTANY. 



generally tubular and neuter or (very rarely) female, or (wlueh is 

 only the case in exotic species) where the florets of the disk are 

 male, tliose of the ray are ligvilate and female. Style thickened 

 below the point where it divides into two branches, the thickened 

 part often hairy. Leaves and phyllaries often spinous ; pericUne 

 usually globose or ovoid. 



Trice I.— CAEDUINE^. 



Florets all tubular and perfect, each one not surrounded by 

 an involucel (rarely the anthodes are subdicccious by abortion). 

 Anthers without basal appendages. Pappus of hairs united at the 

 base, and falling off without separating from each other. 



GENUS 7—0 NOPORDUM. Linn. 



Pericline of numerous imbricated entire phyllaries, with a 

 bayonet-shaped point ending in a spine. Florets all equal, per- 

 fect. Filaments free and glabrous ; anthers notched at the base, 

 with tjvo acute lobes at the base, and furnished at the summit with 

 a linear-subulate appendage. Achenes obovate-ovoid, subtetragonal, 

 laterally compressed, transversely rugose ; epigynous disk small, 

 not bordered. Pappus caducous, consisting of rough hairs, 

 arranged in several rows, and united into a ring at the base. 

 Clinanth fleshy, pitted, but without hairs, the pits surroimded by 

 an elevated dentate margin. 



Large herbs, generally biennial, with branched stems or rarely 

 ucaulescent. Leaves pinnately lobed or toothed, with the lobes 

 or teeth spinous, generally decurrent on the stem, which thus 

 becomes winged, with the wings spinous-dentate. Pericline large, 

 sub-globose, spiny. Flowers purple or purplish-rose, varying to 

 white. 



The name of this gemis comes from the Greek word ovoq {onos), an ass, and 

 TTif)vii) (j)erdo), I disperse wind, and the species are said to produce this effect in asses. 



SPECIES I.— ONOPORDUM ACANTHIUM. Linn. 

 Plate DCLXXX. 

 Pieich. Tc. PL Germ, et Helv. Vol. XV. Tab. DCCCXIII. 



Stem erect, branched, winged to the top. Leaves decurrent 

 on the stem, sinuate, spinous, whitish-arachnoid on both sides. 

 Pericline glolnilar, arachnoid, especially towards the base. Phyl- 



