126 ENGLISH BOTANY. 



petiole ; upper leaves rhomhoid-ovate or -lanceolate or -elliptical ; 

 all sparingly dentate or the uppermost ones entire on the margin. 

 Anthodes numerous, in a corymbose-topped panicle with elon- 

 gated slender pedicels. Pericline angular in fruit, sub-glabrous 

 or with gland-tipped hairs ; outer phyllaries very minute. 



By roadsides, in waste places and cultivated ground. Very 

 common, and generally distributed. 



England, Scotland, Ireland. Annual. Summer 

 and Autumn. 



Stem erect, 8 inches to 3 feet high, with ascending branches in 

 the upper part. Leaves variable, the large terminal lobe of the 

 lower leaves being sometimes acute, sometimes obtuse, and having • 

 the teeth varying in size and sharpness. Anthodes ^ to ^ incli 

 across. Florets pale-yellow. Achenes ^ to |^ inch long, brownish- 

 yellow, more or less curved. Phyllaries keeled in fruit. Plant 

 green, glabrous or hispid-pubescent ; the pedicels and midrib of the 

 phyllaries sometimes clothed with gland-tipped hairs. 



Common Nipple-wort. 



French, Lampsane Commune. German, Gemeine Rainkohl. 



Besides the use to which this plant was applied by old English herbalists, and 

 from which the name of the genus is derived, it was at one time eaten as a salad, or 

 boiled after the manner of greens. Withering tells us that " Lapsana vivere " is a 

 proverb which signifies to live hard, in allusion to Cajsar's army, which is reported to 

 have sustained life for some time by eating the roots of this herb. 



GENUS XXX.— K RNOSERIS. Gdvtn. 



Anthodes many - flowered. Pericline campanulate - ovoid (at 

 length sub-globose) ; phyllaries in 2 series, the inner row of 12 or 

 more phyllaries at length indurated and connivent with the 

 extreme tips reflexed, outer row of several extremely short ones. 

 Clinanth naked. Achenes obovatc-prismatic, 5-ribbed, attenuated 

 at the base, truncate at the apex, and surmounted by a narrow 

 membranous border or crown-like pappus. 



A glabrous annual, with the leaves all radical, dentate. 

 Scapes branched, few-flowered, inflated under the solitary an- 

 thodes. Florets yellow. Achenes persistent. 



The name of this genus conies from (i,iro!. {aruui), a lamb, and aipiQ {seris), succory : 

 it is Bometitucs called lamb's lettuce. 



