COMPOSITE. 205 



slender erect pedicels with minute bracts passing gradually into the 

 outer phyllaries. Pericline ovate at the base ; pliyllarics numerous, 

 broad, sul)-()btuse, the inner ones broader and more obtuse, without 

 recurved tips, dark olive, concolorous, sub-glabrous with a few 

 scattered pale hairs and sometimes a few gland-tipped ones, finely 

 and very shortly ciliated at the margins. Ligules glabrous, not 

 ciliated at the apex. Styles livid or brown. Achenes chestnut- 

 black. 



In hedgebanks, thickets, and open places in woods. Not 

 uncommon in England; rare in Scotland, where I have it only 

 from the neighbourhood of Cramond Bridge, near Edinburgh ; but 

 Mr. "Watson records its occurrence in many of the southern and 

 midland counties of Scotland. 



England, Scotland, Ireland. Perennial. Autumn. 



Stem 18 inches to 4 feet high, erect, rigid, often purplish, more 

 or less hairy, with long hairs in the lower part, very sparingly so 

 above, and there these hairs are intermingled with minute stellate 

 down. Leaves variable in breadth, in some of the narrow-leaved 

 states somewhat resembling those of H. Gothicum, or the broad- 

 leaved forms of H. umbellatum. 



Erom H. umbellatum it is always easily distinguished by the 

 smaller and less umbellate anthodes and the phyllaries not reflesed 

 at the points. 



From H. Gothicum it differs by the constant absence of radical 

 leaves ; by the anthodes being smaller, and the inner phyllaries 

 broader and not paler at the margins ; by the pedicels being more 

 slender, with more numerous bracts passing gradually into phyl- 

 laries. The leaves are generally more hairy ; the lowest ones are 

 less distinctly petiolate, and the uppermost ones more acuminate 

 than in H. Gothicum, and the styles much darker in colour. 



Erom all the succeeding species it may be known by even the 

 uppermost leaves not being amplexicaul or semi-amplexicaul, the 

 phyllaries not paler towards the margins, and the achenes darker in 

 colour. Mr. Backhouse, however, mentions a plant found near 

 Clova, referred by Eries to this species, which has amplexicaul 

 leaves and greener pericliues narrowed towards the base, which, if 

 it really belong to H. borcale, would show that less reliance is to be 

 placed on these characters than is usually supposed to be due to 

 them ; but I have never seen a specimen which would at all answer 

 to this description. 



Eries now considers H. viresccns (Sonder) not distinct from 



Broad-leaved Uawkweed. 



Geman, NitnUscliM IlabichtskraiU. 



