OLD PUEBLOS IN THE CANOX DE CHACO. 195 



remains of one hundred and twenty-fonr rooms on tlie first 

 story. The most perfect of the ten ruined pueblos dis- 

 covered by Lieut. Simpson in the Canon de Chaco is that of 

 Hungo Pavie (or the Crooked ]S^ose). Its circumference, 

 including the enclosed court, is 872 feet. It faces, as usual, 

 the cardinal points, and contains one estufa, placed in the 

 centre of the northern wing of the building. 



The accompanying engravings are taken from Simpson's 

 'Navajo Expedition," and show at a glance the form of 

 these structures. The terraces of Hungo Pavie are here 

 represented as facing the central court. This may have been 

 the plan adopted in many pueblos, but not in all. At Zuni, 

 for instance, the terraces face outwards and rise in steps 

 towards the centre, and while the ruins in the Canon de 

 Chaco seem to show that there the outermost wall was the 

 highest, many ruins elsewhere prove that the opposite was 

 often the case. Thus two forms were probably in use : the 

 one rose from without in steps towards the centre of the 

 huilding the other faced the coui'tyard, and was encircled by 



b 



wall 



One or more estufas have been discovered in each pueblo. 

 Some are rectangular; others circular. There are similar 

 ruins in the Valle de Chelly. The Navajo Indians, in whose 

 country these pueblos are situated, say, I am told, that they 

 ^ere built by Montezuma and his people at the time of their 

 emigration from north to south, and shortly before their dis- 

 persion on the banks of the Eio Grande, and over other parts 

 of Mexico. 



The country occupying the fork between the Great Colo- 

 rado and the Colorado Chiquito forms a part of that vast table- 

 land, the Colorado Plateau, through which both these streams 

 pass in deep caiions. 



o2 



