198 NEW TRACKS IN NOETH AMERICA 



present time, belong almost entirely to the third class — Yiz., 

 those of which the foundations alone mark the localities. It 

 is impossible to travel more than a mile or two along the 

 margin of the lowlands without encountering them, and one 

 of our guides, who knew the ground well, told me that at 

 least one hundred thousand people must at one time have 

 occupied this valley. The ruins follow the river quite to the 

 mouth of the first caiion by which the GHa cuts through 

 the Pina-leno Mountains. 



In the Canada of the Aravaypa, on the western side of this 

 range, I examined the ruins of two pueblos, one being a 



i 



fortification covering the top of a steep hill which guarded 

 the entrance to the Aravaypa Canon. All along the San Pedro 

 valley, through which Mr. Eunk's party travelled for 160 

 miles, ruined pueblos were frequently met with. Amongst 

 them the remains of. pottery, such as is generally used 

 by the town Indians and Mexicans, were picked up in 

 great abundance. . Eemains of acequias also were A^ery 

 numerous. . Between Camp Grant, where I left my party to 

 enter Old Mexico, and the Pima villages, the mesas borderin 



^^^O- l/JLXV> JJJ.VJ0C10 UVX VA^^iXXX^ 



on the Gila are pretty thickly studded . with ruins, but 

 further west than the confluence of the Eio Yerde no more 

 traces of pueblos are to be found. 



Two good-sized ruins are situated near the Pima villages ; 

 one is known as Casa Montezuma, the other as Casa Grande. 

 Casa Montezuma, also called Casa Blanca, consists of the 

 remains of four large houses, one of which is tolerably perfect 

 as a ruin. Around it are piles of earth showing where others 

 had been, and although ten miles distant from the river, all 

 the intervening space is intersected by acequias, and was no 



F 



doubt once under cultivation. The chief ruin is four stories 

 high, and 40 feet by 50 wide : the walls face the cardinal 



