I 



EEEECTS OP SLAYEEY. 233 



bread, and of sons and fatliers left dead amongst the moun- 

 tains. Tlie pueblos on Pueblo Creek, those on the streams 

 in the Navajo country, and others similarly situated, shared 

 the same fate; the Indians of Zuni, the Pimas, and the 

 Papagos were able to protect themselves. The Moquis were 

 saved by the impregnable nature of their country, and the 

 remnant of the kingdoms in the Eio Grande valley were, of 

 course, protected by the Spanish population. 



The time at last came when the strong military establish- 

 ments, so well kept up when Spain was powerful, gradually fell 

 to decay as troops were required to maintain the semblance 

 of power in the southern provinces, and thus the Mexicans, 

 as well as the Pueblos, found themselves unequal to the task 

 of keeping the savages at bay. 



1^0 further proof is required of this statement than the 

 following quotation from Miguel Yenegas' " History of Cali- 

 fornia," dated 1758. After accurately describing the dimen- 

 sions of the Apache country, he continues : — " "Within a 

 circuit of three hundred leagues the Apaches reside in their 

 small rancheras erected in the valleys and in the breaches of 

 the mountains. They are cruel to those who have the misfor- 

 tune to fall into their hands ; and amongst them are several 

 apostates. They go entirely naked, but make their iucui'- 

 sions on horses of great swiftness, which they have stolen 

 from other parts. A skin serves them as a saddle. Of the 

 same skins they make little boots or shoes of one piece (moc- 

 casins), and by these they are traced in their flight. They 

 begin the attack with shouts at a great distance, to strike the 

 enemy with terror. They have not natui-ally any great share 

 of courage ; but the little they can boast of is extravagantly 

 increased on any good success. In war they rather depend 

 upon artifice than valour ; and on any defeat submit to the 



