Transactions of the Academy of Science of St. Louis 
G. multi-carinatus is found in its typical form from Ventura 
County to Mendocino County along the central California coast, 
and throughout the Sacramento Valley. In the north, its sub- 
species G. m. scincicauda occurs in western Oregon and north- 
western California. G. m. webbii occurs on the west side of 
the Sierra Nevada, and south through the Sierra San Pedro 
Martir of Lower California, 
In life zone multi-carinatus is typically Upper Sonoran but 
overlaps into both Lower Sonoran and Transition. G. coeruleus 
is typically a Transition Zone species. Three of the subspecies 
occur frequently in the Canadian Zone but apparently none is 
in keeping with its larger size, multi-carinatus 
then struggle for half an hour or more in an endeavor to engulf 
the prey, and finally give up in exhaustion. 
_G. multi-carinatus is oviparous and deposits eggs which re- 
quire several weeks to hatch. G. coeruleus is ovoviviparous and 
l 
and danger of desiccation, while those carried by the female 
are partly protected from these dangers and probably stand a 
better chance of developing into independently successful young. 
on the clammy ground, and have become viviparous, undoubtedly 
a safer mode of looking after the welfare of their kind’. 
Viviparity in coeruleus may have originated in response to 
such environmental influences since two subspecies occur at high 
altitudes, and another ranges far north where climatic condi- 
tions are nearly equivalent. Eggs laid in a spot sufficiently 
