372 



THE AMEEICAN 



the tubercles on the back." This summer I bred 

 two specimens of V. Antiopa from the larva, 

 and in each case the chrysalis was of a delicate 

 gray color with fine dark mai'kings, the tubercles 

 tipped with black. Is there a difference between 

 Eastern and Western species ? , G. M. Dodge. 



[No; your description is correct, and Dr. 

 Packard's was perhaps taken from a preserved 

 specimen, though this ohrysaUs varies according 

 to its age. — Ed.] 



Periodical Cicadas in Geokgia — Lafayette, 

 Qa., Sept. 26, 1870, — According to your predic- 

 tion Cicadas appeared in this (the northwest) 

 part of the State in great numbers last year 

 (1869), and a few of the same variety appeared 

 again this summer. They were here before, I 

 think, in 1866. I have been informed that they 

 appear during different years in the northeast- 

 ern part of the State. A. R. McCutchen. 



Periodical Cicada not in Kreutz-Creek 

 Yaisl^y— Lancaster, Pa., Oct. 10, 1870.— I have 

 made frequent inquiry in reference to the ap- 

 pearance of the Cicada iu the " Kieutz-Creek " 

 Valley the present season, but have not yet 

 elicited an afiirmative reply. The information 

 which I gave you on this subject was ou the 

 authority of Mr. Joseph Windolph, an intelli- 

 gent nurseryman from Marietta, iu this county, 

 who was in the habit of canvassing that part of 

 York county in taking orders for and delivering 

 nursery stock. It so happened that he did not 

 operate in that district the present season. 

 Whilst ou a visit to Mr. W. iu 1868, he informed 

 me that he had been in the valley aforenamed, 

 and that whilst there were Cicadas in abundance 

 on the noi-th side of the hills which form the 

 northeastern border of York county, there were 

 none on the south side, nor in the valley of 

 Kreutz-Creek, and that the people residing 

 there told him they would not appear iu that 

 locality until 1870. That is all I know about it. 

 I made no personal observation ou the subject. 

 I had intended to visit the locality at the proper 

 season, but I was too busily engaged. 



[From the above information, and from Dr. 

 Morris's letter, published on page 304, it be- 

 comes obvious that this Brood II of the Periodi- 

 cal Cicada (Brood III of our Missouri Report) 

 is invalid. "We created this Brood on the evi- 

 dence of Mr. Rathvon, and in our Report we 

 stated, on Dr. Smith's authority, that it might 

 possibly appear in Jo. Daviess county. Ills., and 

 in Vinton county, Ohio. We have long since 

 suspected that the specimens which are said by 

 Dr. Smith to have appeared in these two coun- 

 ties in 18.53 were but precursors of the well 

 established 17-year Brood, which is to appear 



next year (1871) in Iowa, Illinois, Michigan and 

 Wisconsin ; and as this Brood is also to appear in 

 the " Pequea Valley," in Lancaster county. Pa., 

 we must conclude that those observed in 1853 in 

 the " Kreutz-Creek Valley " were likewise pre- 

 cursors of the same. Thus from year to year we 

 are enabled to correct and revise the chronologi- 

 cal history of tills curiou.s insect; and it is rather 

 gratifying to know that of the twenty-two 

 broods which we have predicted, this is the 

 only one which has so far proved invalid ; three 

 of them (viz., our Broods 1, 2 and 4) having 

 been duly confirmed. Next year a 17-year 

 brood is to appear in the States already indi- 

 cated above, and a 13-year brood in the extreme 

 southwestern corner of Mississippi and in the 

 adjoining part of Louisana. We shall be pleased 

 to hear from our correspondents when the time 

 arrives. — Ed.] 



Remakkable Tenacity op Life in a Butter- 

 fly— /Sf. Louis, Mo., November 17, 1870.— On 

 October 22d I caught some specimens of that 

 rare butterfly, Paphia glycerium, Doubleday, 

 which I found flying in great numbers around 

 willows on low ground. They hibernate, as 

 you have suggested, in the perfect state, and 

 seem to be endowed with a truly wonderful 

 tenacity of Ufc. One of the five c? specimens 

 captured was still alive to-day, although twice 

 drenched with chloroform, and pinned to a dry- 

 ing board. Otto Lugger. 



During the Suspension. — We shall not re- 

 main entirely silent during the suspension of 

 this journal. Dr. Vasey, we believe, will con- 

 duct a botanical department in the Journal of 

 Agriculture, published at St. Louis by R. P. 

 Studley & Co. ; while we shall also occasionally 

 be heard of through the columns of the same 

 paper, and through 'Hooro's Bur al New Yorker, 

 published iu New York. 



Galls. — -We have been paying especial atten- 

 tion the past year or two to our N. A. galls and 

 their architects, and have received some most 

 interesting ones from different subscribers. Will 

 our readers bear in mind that specimens of galls, 

 with mention of the tree upon which they occur, 

 and other facts noticed, will always be grate- 

 fully acknowledged. 



Matter Crowded Out. — Though the index 

 is printed on extra sheets we have been obliged 

 to omit sundry articles from this number for 

 want of space. Our acknowledgments of books 

 and papers received, have been jostled out with 

 the rest, and this will form our apology for 

 seeming neglect. 



