376 



THE AMERICAN 



rounded attlie base and sending ont on each side 

 one or two long, narrow and somewtat hooked, 

 or sickle-shaped, lobes ; the apex, or point, beiog 

 also sometimes much ]Drolonged, narrow, and 

 somewhat toothed ; the under surface is covered 

 with a rusty colored down. The acorn is small 

 (rather less than half an inch), roundish, and in 

 a shallow cup. The leaves of this species pre- 

 sent considerable diversity of size and shape, 

 probably in some cases as the result of hybridiza- 

 tion. The bark is said to be excellent for tan- 

 ning. A variety, triloba, found in New Jersey 

 and elsewhere, is probably a hybrid between 

 this species and Qioercus nigra, L. 



[Fig. 227.] 



Pin Oak {(^uercus falusiris, DuRoi.) 



The Pin Oak has a wide geographical range, 

 but is abundant only in certain localities. It is 

 found in low and swampy grounds, and in 

 general appearance much resembles the Scarlet 

 Oak {Quercus coccinea), and iserhaps may yet 

 have to be considered a variety of that polymor- 

 phous species. The leaves are deeply divided, 

 with about three spreading lobes, the spaces 



between being broad and rounded toward the 

 midrib. The acorns are small and roundish, 

 about haK an inch long, the cup very shallow 

 and as broad as the length of the acorn. It is 

 given by Dr. Cooj)er as extending from Massa- 

 chusetts to the mountains of Georgia, and from 

 Missouri to Texas. The name Pin Oak is said 

 by some to come from the occurrence of numer- 

 ous pius, or small dead branches, which often 

 beset the lower part of the trunk. 



In the following sjaioptical table it may be 

 noticed that we have used some common names 

 differently from those applied in the descriptions; 

 thus we have taken the terms Black and lied 

 Oaks to indicate sections rather than particular 

 species. 



The Quercus coccinea var. vulgaris (Fig. 212, 

 p. 344) is what we take to be Quercus coccinea 

 of the table. We believe the table will be found 

 correct, and admitting as many species as the 

 most judicious botanists are willing to concede. 

 The reader will bear in mind that the synonj^ms 

 are inclosed within parentheses. 



Synoptical TaMe of the Oaks 



EAST OF THE EOCKT MOUNTAINS, WITH THE PRIN- 

 CIPAL SYNONYMS AND VARIETIES. 



SECTION I.— Annual Fruited. 

 » "White Oaks— Leaves lobed, deciduous. 



1 . Bur Oak , Quercus ndcrocarpa, Miclis. 



Var. oUvaefm-mis, Gr., {Q. olivaeformis , Michx.) 



2. Soutlieru Overcup, Querms lyrata, Walt. 



3. Post Oak, Querms oUusiloba, Michx., (Q. etellata, 



Wang.) 

 Var. paroifoUa, Chap., (var. Florzdana, Shut.) 



4. White Oak, Quercus alia, L. [South. 

 ** Chestnut Oaks — Leaves with blunt teeth. 



5. Swamp White Oak, Quercus Mcolor, Willd., {Q. 



Frinus, var. discolor, Michx.) 

 G Chestnut Oak, Quercus Prinus, L. 



Var. montieola, Michx., (Q. montana. Willd.j 

 Var. Michauxii, Chap., {Q. Michauxii, Nutt.) 

 [South. 



7. Yellow Chestnut Oak, Quercus Castanea, Muhl., 



(Q. Prinus, var. aeurninata, Michx.) 



8. Chinquapin Oak, Quercus prinoides, WiUd., {Q. 



Prinus, var. chincapin, Michx.) 



**» Live Oaks— Leaves evergreen. 



9. Live Oak, Quercus virens. Ait., (Q. sempeivirens, 



Catesby.) 

 Var. maritima. Chap. South. 



Var. dentata. Chap. South. 



SECTION n.— Biennial Fruited. 



* Willow Oaks— Leaves generally entire, thick and 

 jiersisteut, and some besoming evergreen far south. 



10. Upland Willow Oak, Querctis cinerea, Michx., (Q. 



humilis, Walt.) 

 Var. pumila, Michx., (Q. pumila, AValt., Q. 

 sericea, Willd.) 



11. W i How Oak, Quercus Phellos, L. 



Var. Uwifolia, Chap. South. 



Var. arenaria. Chap. South. 



Var. heterophylla, ( Q. lieteropTiylla, Michx.) 



12. Laurel Oak, Quercus inibricaria, Michx. 



Var. Leana, {Quercus Leana, Mutt.) 



