332 BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. 
The cows on Mr. Swift’s farm at Cuba, with which the dis- 
ease probably originated, were pastured in a new field full of 
stumps and brush, and abounding in springs and marshy 
places. A second accessory is to be found in the youth of the 
animals, the weakness of which and the abundance of secre- 
tions from their mucous membranes predispose to this as to 
other parasitic affections. | Weakness from ill health or old 
age may be classed along with this. But, perhaps, the most 
important of these accessory causes is feeding on contaminated 
fields or fodder, or drinking from troughs or streams contain- 
ing the worms. In the affected counties of England calves 
and lambs are especially liable to suffer, if pastured on fields 
previously eaten down with older stock. Overstocking has 
also its evil influence, partly by reason of its weakening the 
constitution of the animals, and partly by causing an extraor- 
dinary accumulation of embryo strongyli in the pastures 
and drink. 
Symptoms.—The symptoms are esentially those of bron- 
chitis, with this difference: that the examination of the mu- 
cous coughed up shows the presence of the worms either soli- 
tarily or rolled together into bundles. The symptoms, howev- 
er, vary a good deal in different cases. There is, at first, only 
a slight cough, rather hoarse and hacking, and repeated at 
irregular intervals. The coat stares, the skin feels dry, ine- 
lastic and unhealthy, and emaciation perceptibly advances 
day by day. Sometimes the cough is not observed at first, 
and these symptoms alone,or with some slight embarrassment 
of breathing when exercised, are the sole manifestations. 
Soon, however, the cough becomes more frequent and occurs 
in paroxysms which threaten suffocation, and sometimes induce 
it. The matters expelled by the nose and mouth are found, 
on examination, to contain more or less of the worms, appear- 
ing like pieces of stout white thread, one to three inches 
long. 
Often when the cough is less frequent, it is at the same 
time soft and loose, or even wheezing rather than hoarse ; 
the patient becomes daily weaker and more hide-bound, the 
visible mucous membranes get pale, the eyes sunken, the ap- 
