The Migration of North American Birds 



SECOND SERIES 



III. THE SUMMER AND HEPATIC TANAGERS, MARTINS,* 

 AND BARN S^A/'ALLOWS 



Compiled by Harry C. Oberholser, Chiefly from Data in the Biological Survey 



(See Frontispiece) 



SUMMER TANAGER 



There are two subspecies of the Summer Tanager, an eastern and a western, 

 which of course occupy separate areas in summer but which mingle more or 

 less during the migrations and in winter. 



The Summer Tanager (Piranga rubra rubra) breeds in the eastern United 

 States, north- to Delaware (formerly to New Jersey), southern Ohio, southeast- 

 ern Wisconsin, and southeastern Nebraska; west to eastern Kansas and cen- 

 tral Texas; and south to northeastern Mexico, southeastern Texas, southern 

 Mississippi, and central Florida. It winters in Central and South America, 

 south to Guiana, Ecuador, and Peru, and north to Yucatan and central Mexico. 

 It is also of casual occurrence north to Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Quebec, 

 and Ontario; and is accidental in the Bahama Islands. 



Cooper's Tanager {Piranga rubra cooperi) breeds in the southwestern 

 United States and northern Mexico, north to central New Mexico and central 

 Arizona; west to southeastern California; south to northern Durango and 

 central Nuevo Leon ; and east to central western Texas and eastern New Mexico. 



In the following migration tables all records of Cooper's Tanager are indi- 

 cated by an asterisk (*) ; all the others, therefore, should be considered as 

 referring to the eastern Summer Tanager. 



SPRING MIGRATION 



LOCALITY 



Amelia Is., Fla. . . 



Chipley, Fla 



Tallahassee, Fla. . 



Savannah, Ga 



Kirkwood, Ga.. . . 

 Charleston, S. C 

 Long Island, Ala., 



Biloxi, Miss 



New Orleans, La.. 

 Brownsville, Tex. 

 San Antonio, Tex 

 Kerrville, Tex. . . . 

 Gainesville, Tex.. 



Number 



of years' 



record 



2 



4 



13 



14 



7 



4 



4 



13 



5 

 16 



Average date of 

 spring arrival 



April 13 

 April 5 

 April 5 

 April 9 

 April II 

 April 13 

 April 17 

 April 4 

 April 5 



April ID 

 April II 

 April 14 



Earliest date of 

 spring arrival 



April 12, 1916 

 March 21, 1886 

 March 30, 1902 

 March 29, 1916 

 April 3, 1894 

 April 5, 191 2 

 April 12, 19 1 6 

 March 31, 1904 

 April I, 1904 

 February 11, 1853 

 April 8, 1890 

 April 5, 1 9 13 

 April 10, 1885 



*The Purple Martin and Barn Swallow were figured in Bird-Lorz for September-October, 1017, 

 betore this Second Series was begun. They are treated here to make our migration records of the 

 Swallows of North America complete. The remaining species of the family were figured and treated 

 in BiRD-LOEE for November-December, 1917. — Editor. 



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