Introductory 



in helping to solve many problems of oceanography. This, though 

 a comparatively new science, practically dating only from the 

 memorable voyage of the Challenger in 1876, has to-day assumed 

 immense importance. 



The scheme of work of international investigations has been well 

 set out by Mr. D'Arcy Thompson as of three parts — viz., hydro- 

 graphical researches, biological observations and experiments, and 

 statistical inquiries. The latter, of course, is not possible for the 

 independent worker, but the scope of the two former is well described 

 by Mr. Thompson in the following words : ' It is laid down as 

 necessary that we should extend our very scanty knowledge as to the 

 phenomena of the sea itself, the distribution of its currents, the com- 

 position of its waters, and the changes that these factors undergo from 

 season to season, and from one year to another. ... It is not merely 

 matter of surmise, but there is already evidence at hand to prove that 

 the normal distribution and regular movements of many fishes are 

 linked with these physical phenomena, and to indicate that hydrography 

 holds the clue to the wanderings of the shoals. Together with these 

 hydrographical problems goes the kindred study of the plankton — a 

 multitudinous floating life that is variously associated with particular 

 waters, and that serve as food for a variety of fish.' 



The scientific yachtsman may contribute much valuable informa- 

 tion in this and many other directions which it is not necessary to 

 indicate here, and it is earnestly to be hoped that such may be induced 

 before long to enter practically into this great scheme of the study of 

 the sea. 1 



The great expeditions, such as those of the Challenger, National, 

 Valdivia, and many others, which have resulted in immense additions to 



1 Professor O. Pettersson, Vice-President of the International Council for the 

 Investigation of the Sea, has suggested to me that an association of yacht-owners, 

 willing to devote part of their time to assistance in making observations at sea, 

 might be formed. Such an association should not be impossible, and I should be 

 willing to give the benefit of my experience to any who should be moved by 

 scientific enthusiasm to join in the work. 



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