The Hydrography of the Faeroe- Shetland Channel 81 



latter (c and d) one. The difficulties which arose led me to undertake 

 an investigation of the movements of surface waters in the North 

 Atlantic, and, as a result, to separate the stream current (/>) from the 

 surface drift (a) ; the resolution of the southward-moving waters into 

 (c) and (d) is chiefly the result of the observations of the Ingolf 

 expedition (1896) and of Professor Pettersson's discussions. In the 

 light of these more recent conclusions, it appears from the section 



Fig. 7. — Faeroe-Shetland Channel. Temperature and Salinity, August, 1893. 

 H.M.S. 'Jackal. 1 



(Fig. 7) that in August, 1893, the Norwegian stream was running 

 strongly northward, its main centre lying on the eastern side of the 

 channel at a depth of about 80 fathoms, while its waters extended 

 nearly to the Faeroe Islands. The cold bottom water, which shows no 

 marked tendency to rise towards the surface, was entirely cut off from 

 a thin layer of relatively fresh surface water (salinity below 35 - 3), 

 which covered the whole surface of the channel to a depth of a few 

 fathoms, and near the Shetlands extended to the bottom. This layer 

 was probably, as Hellaud-Hansen has suggested, water from the 



11 



