110 BRITISH MOLLUSKS. 



The animal of Pupa secale is of a dingy grey colour, rather slender, 

 with the tentacles short and thick. It is found in England as far 

 north as Westmoreland, but inhabits chiefly the south and west 

 parts in chalky districts. Germany is its northern limit on the Con- 

 tinent ; southwards it becomes scarce towards Spain and Portugal. 



2. Pupa muscorum. Moss-dwelling Pupa. 



Shell ; oblong-cylindrical, deeply umbilicated, rufous horny, semi- 

 transparent, glossy, whorls six to seven, nar- 

 row, increasing slowly, moderately convex, 

 very delicately striated, rather constricted at 

 the sutures ; aperture small, ovately rounded, 

 sometimes toothless, sometimes furnished with 

 a parietal tooth on the body whorl, lip thinly 

 callously reflected. 



Turbo muscorum, Linnaeus (1758), Syst. Nat. 10th edit. 

 p. 767 (not of Montagu). 



Helix muscorum, Muller (1774), Verm. Hist, part 2. p. 105. 



Bulimus muscorum, pars, Bruguiere (1789), LJ?w. Meth. Vers, vol. i. p. 334. 



Pupa marginata, Draparnaud (1801), Tall. Moll. p. 58. 



Turbo chrysalis, Turton (1819), Conch. Diet. p. 220. 



Pupa muscorum, C. Pfeiffer (1821), Deutsch. Moll. vol. i. p. 57. pi. iii. f. 17. 



Turbo marginatum, Slieppard (1823), Trans. Linn. Soc. vol. xiv. p. 152 

 (not of Brown). 



Jaminia marginata, Eisso (1826), Hist. Nat. Hurop. Merid. vol. iv. p. 89. 



Alcea marginata, Jeffreys (1830), Trans. Linn. Soc. vol. xvi. part 2. p. 357. 



Pupilla marginata, Leach (1831), Turt. Man. p. 127. 



Pupilla muscorum, Beck (1837), Incl. Moll. p. 84. 



Torquatella muscorum, Held (1837), Isis, p. 919. 



Pupa bigranata, Rossniassler (1839), Icon. vol. ix. p. 25. f. 645. 



Stomodonta marginata, Mermet (1843), Moll. Pyr.-Occid. p. 53. 



Pupa ( Odostomia) muscorum, Moquin-Tandon (1855), Hist. Moll. vol. ii. 

 p. 392. pi. xxviii. f. 5 to 15. 



Hob. Throughout Europe, from Iceland to Sicily. Siberia. (Under stones, 

 and among dead leaves and moss.) 

 In this Pupa the shell has only an occasional tooth in the aper- 

 ture on the body -whorl, and even then it is scarcely more than a 



superficial callosity. More frequently, so far as my own experience 



in collecting goes, it is without any callosity, as in the specimen 



figiu*ed. Shells which show that the calcifying functions of the 



