FORMATIOTTS AND FOSSILS OF SOUTH MANCHURIA 



PREVIOUS STRATIGRAPHIC WORK 



When Baron F. von Kichthofen published his Manchurian strati- 

 graphy in 1883, he considered the Canadian and Ordovician lime- 

 stones as Carboniferous (Kohlenkank), correlating them with the 

 Mountain Limestone of Europe (Dinantian). He pointed out that 

 these limestones are extensively developed in South Manchuria, 

 Chihli, Shantung, and in fact throughout the whole of northern 

 China and northern Korea. In 1906, Lorenz found several char- 

 acteristic Ordovician fossils in von Richthofen's so-called Carbonif- 

 erous limestone in Shantung, and therefore designated it Ordo- 

 vician. Willis and Blackwelder (1907), in their reexamination 

 during 1903-4, also recognized the Ordovician age of these beds and 

 named the entire series the Tsinan dolomitic limestone from its 

 occurrence in the vicinity of Tsi-nan-fu in Shantung. In 1911 

 Freeh described two characteristic Ordovician species, Actinoceras 

 riohthofeTd [Armenoceras richthofeni (Freeh)] and Raphistoma cf. 

 aeqnilaterwm^ which von Richthofen had collected in the vicinity of 

 Hsiao-shih (?) during his travels in the Orient in 1869, consequently 

 referring these beds to the older series. Later (1924) Grabau re- 

 studied the Tsinan limestone in North China and subdivided it into 

 several distinct formations, publishing the following statement: 



The most detailed studies of this series have been made in eastern Chihli 

 where the following subdivisions are recognized : 



I. In the Kaiping Basin 

 Upper Ordovician 

 (absent) 

 Middle Ordovidcm 



Machiakou limestone 300 m 

 (Hiatus and disconformity) 

 Lower Ordovidcm 

 (absent) 

 (absent) 

 Coralline limestone 200 m 

 Yehli limestone 200 m 



(Hiatus and disconformity) 

 Upper Ca/mbriwn 



FSngshan limestone 



II. In the Liu-Kiang Coal Field 

 Upper Ordovician 



(absent) 

 Middle Ordovician 



(absent) 



Lower Ordovician 



Liangchiashan formation 275 m 

 Shihmenchai formation 155 m 

 Peilintze formation 100 m 

 (Base not exposed). 



In 1926 T. Kobayashi (1927) studied the Ozarkian, Canadian, and 

 Ordovician strata exposed near Fau-ren-zai (Huo-lien-chai) and 

 Pen-hsi-hu in South Manchuria, and. made the following subdivi- 

 sions, in ascending order : 



