THE CANADIAN AND ORDOVICIAN FORMATIONS 

 AND FOSSILS OF SOUTH MANCHURIA 



By Riuji Endo 

 Manchurian Teachers^ College, Mukden, Manchuria 



INTRODUCTION 



An attempt is made in this monograph to bring into systematic 

 order the facts that have thus far been ascertained regarding the 

 Canadian and Ordovician strata of South Manchuria. For con- 

 venience the report is divided into two parts : Part 1 deals with the 

 stratigraphy, containing descriptions of the formations and sections 

 as they occur at the various localities; Part 2 is biologic in scope, 

 comprising mainly descriptions of the new material found by me, 

 although an endeavor is made to present a complete critical review 

 of previous studies. In addition, by request, I have studied a num- 

 ber of Ordovician fossils collected in China in 1915 by Prof. George 

 D. Louderback, of the University of California. As will be noted 

 in the following pages, all the type specimens resulting from my 

 studies are preserved in the collection of the United States National 

 Museum. 



I began the study of the early Paleozoic strata in the spring of 

 1924, when I first went to Manchuria. What I learned regarding 

 the Sinian, Cambrian, and Ozarkian beds will be presented in a 

 forthcoming paper written in collaboration with Dr. C. E. Resser. 



In the spring of 1928, I published in Japanese a preliminary 

 report, entitled " On the Cambro-Ordovician Strata in South Man- 

 churia," which briefly summarized the results obtained during four 

 years of field work. Since that time my knowledge of the South 

 Manchurian geology has considerably increased through additional 

 field studies, particularly because I have since had the advice and 

 assistance of both American and Japanese geologists. I have cor- 

 rected herein many mistakes appearing in my preliminary work, and 

 the conclusions presented are naturally somewhat different and, 

 it is hoped, more advanced. 



ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 



I take this opportunity to express my sincerest thanks to Dr. E. O. 

 Ulrich for his many helpful suggestions and criticisms, and to Drs. 

 R. S. Bassler and Charles E. Resser for their assistance and coopera- 

 tion, but chiefly for the opportunities afforded me during my two 



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