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4 
20 THE GARDENERS’ CHRONICLE. [January 9, 1858, 
dead matter; but the quiet practical man who | juices s by endosmose over their whole surface. Like ses as 2 : e ne ee sci few oF no sukera fy 
reads these beyo md the atmosphere of too eager | leaves on the young aris shoots, they are formed | their roots bi y iaee = any eee a tions. Rye 
science, is far from being satisfied with what t he on the young shoots of the roots ; like leaves also | and many o : gw et epost vory li ittle in com- 
ds in books. Weare therefore glad to lay before | they die and Erraina after a lon nger or shorter panton, hia r ae en a emp on 
him, at this dormant season, the vig of a | season, leaving the old roots entirely with 1 feam k whic a grea n auster, exudes 
remarkable treatise on the subject by Professor | In = very = "e gn aT “kithon s aba h ie a A n bbe ù 
T suckers, as in Crocus sativus, Uroba we, ’ an 
meron, me ng: eae nee nd Epidendrum elongatu , the beira warlike r ay a on e kos other na pns us, the ; 
o; an ecial excretory fun s appear be performed by the epidermis of | although irom ese experiments e fact of 
or not endowed with an ‘coeuped the attention of of the mie in the wh e way that the a absorption and excretion from the surface of 
any naturalists, as bein sof leaves ~ aha by the green | organs of temporary duration on the young shoots 
importance as well to the veg etaha physi e Jak as | sti ceæ and other leafless plants. of ig is how! haga we do not possess 
to the sgriculturist i in pe s application to the = en fu fre cd: pet oad they decay, these | any os n roia that the matter — 
ciples of alternation o No absolute ek! suckers ies e more or less covered in their exerted produc 3 pe ect whatever on the capa. 
clusion has as yet been sate w the affirmative as | gibbous or irregular branching portion (rarely in | bility of the soil to supply nutriment to othe 
well as the negative having been respectively their basal oyiindrioal part), bites p a La ne plants grown ini x 
maintained, either from general induction, or | forming granular or grum ses, to which the| One of the ex per riments made by Prof, Gasp. PAR 
more rarely from direct observation and experi- surrounding Heerd paalos : airougly ailin RINI is very instructive as to the noxious effects d 
ment, The opinion, however, that no such exere- | Are these viscous masses excretions from the tonta, | vegetable manures in those first stages of decom 
tions take place has, since the researches of or are they t the veda ue of substances contained in| position which are so favourable to the develop 
Watser ( Annales des "Sciences Nat turelles, Ser. 5 is earth and a vee osed by the roots | ment of moulds. In the month of January 
te 
Professor having e = =. 
examination of the question originally for his own | Hs pct of this questio elon Brit Gas-|sand. In one pot he placed a piece of young d 
isf: d into 
satisfaction, has been led into a series yi cigs oe y | PARRINI’S experiments ar chiefly directed, and | wood of Ailanthus glandulosus, in another a pies 
conducted experiments, which have great | contrary to the opinion of WALSER, he concludes | of bread, in another a portion of a green Potato, it 
measure disprove iw Socal shag top s consti ions. that they « a enenaiy exude d from gie suc kers. a fourth a portion of a Radish root, in a fifth some 
The present memo parings of kid’s hoofs and bits of nutshells, in the 
by his predecessors, g gives gd details of er maem in pek tion tp those who believe obs the pre sixth nothing for the sake of comparison. Thy 
GaASPARRINI’S eo — s, and the conclu-| fibres of roots possess some chemically dissolvent | Pots were ail watered with common drinking waten 
sions he dedne roperties, and that it is by such means that they | exposed by day to diffused light and in dl 
properties, y y ; 
‘The im possi ‘of lowly following under the | are enabled to penetrate into masses of hard sub- days for a few hours to the direct light of the 
microscope, in circumstances, sine stances; whether inorganic or organic, such as the | U2; and placed under cover by night. Atthe end 
table ot “which take place under ground, | woody tissue of Ap g plan nts, te the case of the of a month each pot con ntained three plants, 
soos nuy m ana. m a common a Pear tree, h 
medium, is obvious. As a nearest approach to it, | followed the Pedal Ts S ea aaa from hia equally healthy and luxuriant, fee ie span hig! 
Gasrarrrnt has caused the seeds of various plants | woody tissue through the alburnum and the paren- and with two leaves each. In the in whid 
rminate under , in water, or og well- | chyma A the bark sometimes to the length of vi the piece a of bread, the roots of the "Spell el 
washed Vesuvian sand, the dar under | half an inch, They could ez clearly traced their much bra y 
diffused light, and thus examined heit “root | whole Tarik, alike forming an intimate cohe- | th f th e numerous suckers were 
with the tissue of „the matrix, Pes the | yet scarce sre d, = had only slight gibbosi 
e | spongiole a n s extremity, which always | towa: rds bas extremity, no circulation was percep- 
| free; but ver saw the ehta- indication tible, the granular mucous substance inside v 
and washed, so as to be able rn ete rhe roots for | of any na oui ais tha tissue thag | more or bie, abundant, and many were sprinkled 
examination at a more advanced period with the | penetra externally er the extremity with similar 
least possible injury. His numerous experiments |" In the case of the young plants of Wheat, Rye, | mucous granular masses. A few fibres approached 
a have been conducted with the most! Barley, Rappačed, Cochlearia, and othe t Which within a certain distance i the bread, but none 
scrupulous care, for which, moreover, his well | had con: tae’ germinate under the | had penetrated within it. The b had beco 
known success in analogous researches offers a | pivo ess of rt was ce observed. sole re a soft, putrid, spongy mass, covered externa 
spd o the formation of the viscous papille on the sur- | With white branching filaments spreading fr 
i It has long been known that roots absorb the athe the suckers were full of a fluid in whicl h floated |into the sand in every bape and an 
a Seale salts tance aunis earl a sirculation many places having nearly reached the sides 0 
young fib: os ira Saan the ultima ra i | PAER the one ba aira he other de- pot, ya here and n a commencement of fru 
inat i i that 
sê atte the sucker: Ae e 
shor portion o wr ma pa se and ant texture called ‘by extremity and discharged the greater part of the longed " a species of Botr trytis. The spon 
tof of eee í t this spongiole is the granular substance they contained, the discharge | mass of th ten uy 
on o ge of the ae ree beari aa at its | being preceded by a peculiar motion analogous to | by a viokst. t coloured myce elium whiĝh appeare 
A arder and drier | that of pollen grains before they burst. The con- be that of a Seo a filaments of this 
war i s F 
ker -|b 
vulsive, an ontents discharged with con- | produced a morbid alteration on one side of a b 
= ae “ag ne ine ‘het Gas SPARRINI ee! siderable elasticity. 5 the rhizome of Smilax aspera, which had be 
e a itself seldom takes any partin} Tn the roots rown naturally within the earth, placed over the hole of the pot. In another d 
tion myceli i i 
c tog 
young as yet imperfect | when o served, = he coe eble. Those whi ich with a few filaments from the Botrytis, had reac 
ti | re of the Tritic i 
a 
è re e 1 inte s| tre ke 
; fi the excretion appeared but r ra have been |also dead. the livid ee a e "e 0 
a Bet ant a Si ongi $ der it, and is! effected by the bursting of cay but but little ‘creloped. an with 
m e e n ce cb te y similar | usually by exudation through the ; but it was evident that t the chef r injur 
majority of eatae la ts th m : Bertie the walls of the cavity, and t the oots went produced by the Peni 
A or ehi r A ri = riment is either | manner whi uld scarcely A pii it "os whose filaments adhered firmly to their epider 
a e ar ia ‘tb aaa s ig oe Sener oot a | endosmose alone, but by so some other force unknow tora 
geet e e on that account cto | of vital 2 ae dep ited i Pah aoii a inte 
regard to the effects produced by these This ee think, is the substance of the w ork ; 
indie well: a yis set donee consists of a exudations 3 the capabilities of the soil z the | before rat and d well worthy of careful thought = ; 
Teuigthonsd ynt hit a ‘ slindrical ermis RAET, or less | nutriment of other piate at the same time, or in | observations 
Ty txt a In! oe on reste succession, oe is aea to show that they m E; 
: ah taigh y DUL A , causti saline propertieslikely| Ir is our melancholy duty to announce 
— peril either the extremity or P noposta to act prejudicially on oe roots. x ‘Whether the the | DECEASE oF Dr. ga tee Secretary. Ha pE 
E osly Fra A ia E ea n EE e matter be com he fecal excretions or to | Horticultural Society, who Be Re sudden, 
Batic. or icre “3 ~~ ifeati ons, o The length the gone left by ieg agg ation on the | his residence at Acton, on Saturday last. 
Sata ERY T: shanenef the Pe ra e animals, it Srei = Aga — ined that oat oo men have contributed more pee to the deve 
pets noro or lems aikata S r nutriment if rea e ment of the natural pice! o 
E e SAFA ate ell, pess by the ols they same plants, nor probably if Heng by others | studied more sR A x peta ge 0 hasty Ah 
be i in Speers om y free dom oo ie the Pee takes place Bt popes and as the me merit of A first brought under the no 
respects. _ y, however ga renibol, the or reie: aiy a| Minal <a disteiote for tl ee cretion of 
ge 
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3 suckers an pileorh ikas, and of the numerous Chinese’ as his Botany of the Himalay® 
{he Dase tthe extremt mity cf el a eee, hoe fibres which perish from natural or accidental | Mounta: 5 To ag Aee s dto, with its admir 
at, having distincl spanen causes. If in the relative effect of different) Index, was a model of research in a bean 
eg y X oz een | plants the impoverishment of the soil the e ‘eon eae little. pursued, a 
TI y effect, i nly be ial prode ofl 
se the difference in the — left in | Drong te ra a slow by kis late pamp! let : 
he soil by different species. Some of the plants the progress of Cotton cultivation (see pS 
known to exhaust the soil in the highest degree, | 1857), are remarkable examples of the pat 
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