42 THE AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. [January 16, 1858 
hich e . pis ‘ed be considered as the maic 
different plans have srs | ne d and | attained if we gather from it confidence in the results of whic ] possible, an s the indi 
resulted in increased d cheaper I we bet hear of Day en wro hear in of faiis and of a Teet drains $ hear = aliment of pl 
a ? yi cesses and ure: 
r “2. Atmo arn air is the source from whi 
cultivation.—All these different kinds of manage- | Te peria we sha ab led by ook u upor s the oe brea 2 which 
x > ; . | result ofthe general rule, aad upon the latter im the exceptional plant directly or indirectly draws the nut 7 
re known to have been profitable, and a ri © result, either of the circumstances of the tj 4 P 
ac. ink, 3 
tioti to suv a; a Gy g very ie avi ar y for the e organic substance. 
J of th no iti hand the ashes must be combined with 
wavs s 4 i - | the H Tow r drainage is the more reasonable of the Ha | other hand tl 
Justified by its peculiar circumstances. The utter Pere baitha Aep vies do sometimes answer on account of | in sufficient quantities and i in corresponding proporti 
ance of such a sentiment too, c Pencarian as it does cracks and sandy partings, and other i apartures s from ‘ths lime fall h i 
4 Ose! 
an acquiescence mm every or pr ry tga homogeneous structure which we have supp Ps 3. The pati eds extracted from sot 
thought in those who hear it—it commends the ei Tt appears to us that the only reasonable arg opping must in general be co ante replag 
oF ea for the shallower diwlisii of a stiff clay i This is done by supplying a sufficient quantity d 
arises out of its greater richness in ro suitable manure, 
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the combustible por hoe alled . 
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no doubt ake use of P 
very grat depth of soil and subsoil if it is laid 7 
rns So sagem ing ws in land open to them, but on the other hand it is plain that | must Poe the seen bet rei, p 
dr: drainage—is the reaction which was to be expected a pen depth of clay soil, with its larger quan- | atm osphere ies not supply) in the form of the ma 
of the earlier writers | tty of internal surface owing to the smallness of | which contain 
oa ge eral we believe that it now inns gone | its” i its ri will |; «5, The ee must not only guard agai 
on ee ae ertheless, and that good contain ai a ae food for pla ae as loss of the mineral ingredients exhaus ae only. 
service y any one who should suc- | 5 mud soil. It , 
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> would be don h hee de epth o andy 
ceed in reasserting “the dha aims of certain fixed i 
na acting ps Meem where, which should there- 
ore guide the practice of the land drainer in all | 
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rs thus | th et er 
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uch plants as eo i 
iti is desira ble, as a supply of food, to lay open to | the en mineral satan “wid exist i in Ih 
lants, is smaller in clays than in sands, wile the | marls, gypsum, wood and turf ashes ga 
minimum depth, that at which drains must be streams, and in farm rm-yard mmarare nE 
owing is a passage on the subject from | laid if the capillary attraction of the soil for water| “6. It may perhaps become mes when cheni 
the k lector alluded to last week :— is to b t if b agriculturii 
Se af ger aa ae overe an y : ball Fate st 
a speaker on the subject at agricultura z id drý and open | ascertain the quantities of mi: an 
meetings pines motive who does not — it ate soa upon land at ioe the temo 18 ‘to sd laid y ds. bh | extracted from his soil by cropping. As the compo 
to insist upon the propriety of adapting his p tice to the | at clays than in sands e arts of the harvest return agai 7 
a es of his case. So i uniform to capillary atures ‘of the clayey soils is greatest | Pa” : i 
agreat depth, others are a patchwork of clays and sands and n them that wat a bei fte d highest entirely or in part, the agricultu: 
ull of springs—others are laid upon a subsoil built of alternate em wa er wi e r wi i 
e un ivale t i 
r 
mith nd their si m- | wit: t o pr extracted fi 
= se cae ell ay oe — hw gi wor pa mencing to weep at 18 inches and 2 feet from the | earth. ‘hemistry must rp i Sivé us s M 
of paralle. ines, represent in every fie: jus as + i of 
omo iad nocleisndina hi ct see. His ap te ee surface, nd we hear of trenches Mee! clay, and | t tion, of the P ard re t 
standi inst 
ng dry and 2 eir 
im to tua | the soil is evidently injured by excess of it. We oak of the variations w aC 
of greater or le fh according to the es ral h : |ashes absolutely and relatively undergo 
facility of the soil for permitting the passage of water | heard the other day of the Tang of a farm up b + ati 
thro h it are is inion, ous catcerably oats the London ree the trenches, 4 feet deep, and 20 | weather aiee See the ak oan 
fall of rain water on the several fields of an estate. That is Sege art, hadre ained as as dry ast the day they were blo ne ti 5 per cent. 
Vremena uniform, notwithstanding the want of uniformity in | CU per cent. of lime, and the whole - 
desire that it shall pass. And after we vided for the = oe must confess = do ae the | dried angka soniatiines pes six, at of 
removal of all spring water, it is, we bathers Bios + atest ar eres D IN and € n per cent. s obvious that 
cuta tolerably uniform orm system of drains for the removal of this ae state of the soil and the hardened condition of th 
the land at a certain depth by constant cultiv | qu ality of t the csi parts of t 
pony as “tite = A sea that ees ates ctice tiom to that dept that the impenetrable Aatas Se plants until carefully conduct xp 
Rea hich a eile proc aS oe a i tits ange of the subsoil is due. Let whole surface soil | and e mination, showing by what bg 
: be well turned over, the pan eal broken up, | or in ntern al causes those variations in the quan 
sent ana salt t does—grente ater in Proportion to | and ri y cultivated a we do not fear this components of the ashes are homers shall h 
the ‘wan oe Me its Fat Seed in other mAP eg the ing out an exception to the rule which has | 8Ystematica’ ef ante i 
sha mera s> at = no 5 5x pan roved true in so many other + Shae 4 feet} “8. The mineral a substances "i 
Not iaa i miler es us require to pu ~ vse ins in stiff clay soils will answ = perfectly adapted to the: growth = plants areas ker 
— distributed in nature 
It w-plain that drains will when placed sufficiently near to one anè ther, 
be in the, subsoil below Abel heh tak re Aa a Tori tis = ee 
above their eve, for the capillary attraction of that portion of | GERMAN PROFESSORS AND — infinite, i 
Tia i len Gah yp ete ns | SCHOOL Mam Dovme, [er woe tha 
lift that water above their level. If the land be of very| ‘THERE is at pres controversy in progress | performed by extract 
fin a akril and very clayey, it will lift or hold the | between Baron yon ih and Dr. Wolf and other |Which often contains n s 
wile so gee a “ted it be sandy. So t the water will stand individuals on some points of agricultural chemi substances, or of 
> ches above the level of the drains when the Me T “i $ them in the form of 
à » Recording to the stiffness of the subsoil. | The baron, who is, we believe, director of an gt! ee: 
nse tne agt Only above that level again that the drains wili | agri ý lately - took occasion 4 = ete 1 agg 
ier ~ i e| Mother place which is poor in such subs 
land be 4 feet above the drains, i.e., if the drains be 4 feet |t© Publish some strong animadversions all t i i 
thien where o the capillary a attracti ion is ng (xpati (ante “Burope, and espe cally t those in serene om wane discover whether the soil 
€ Nou; 
wwiile Ent “the : : hether 
rap, te, though di rE eee ae nee systems of apinn The Chinese | d m E his hares e 
bees compre i ratte 
gy yey > ep 
nm 
em alone finds favour in his eyes. Now this has pa ians ge our pi 
en where the ca ‘and | Dr. Wolf, who directs the agricul school at Hohen- | P” mee 1 Bas Pe owledor rich as according “to nired ol 
eerie cies rr hg tnd thei at on | heim, in i emberg, to state the principles of agri- ideas an ai i he have . 
i that rain meds w tdo, 0 ol ai | gultur taught there, and to protest energetically against | subject i it ch oh his by tho following st 
a homi i t atin 
= pEr ae Age: oe oe, a to produce a given de epth e dogmatical assumptions of his Opponent. As a olf i by the fo md 
traine eoretical view of the | sequel to these principles Dr. Wolf pro to discuss | Hohenheim a — of rough peat moo: 
subject. What is the practical result? ites oe previo the merits of Professor Liebig’s Chemical Letters in| this year for the first time. It p 
sce for hindering tee, sarino edzmo or t the | Which the school at Hohenheim has been attacked, and | Sugar Beet of r ormous dovel 
x ste ——e met deep in clay soils are very efficient, which have lately appeared in the Augsburg Allgemeine | roots, but of little value to the 
: provided are frequent enou; ney of the furrows are Zeitung, one of the most widely ci ted papers i t will b i 
fo jects treated i 
o 3 ab! 
many drai “amano ete quivalent for t 
tively shallow drains in clays, ana e shall give some of the preliminary remarks of | equiva E S * 
where 8 fect drains put iiae ey aro many stancon Dr. Wolf on the principles which he advocates, in what | from it by th cot. The field 
i 2 Jrondertuliy fertilising influence. Well! the | We tdi nt is a correct translation. He says :—* Before 1 | Would arae to produce useless Dar vor 
C bi Hee deep drains consi roceed to discuss the merits of the assertions contained | i8 another on higher ee a 
eik A yh onei traction conveys ; for in ical Letters o Ti fi and in ta aoe 
wnwards, into which it te 1 prairie e hatee concisely mention the doctrines respecting agricult fore be in conformity with. 
soll shoul draw = —_ from a 3 i mt depth Buy contident agricul chemistry which are ram ir, at porria chemi to remove > 
ten mien emt ere one inated chenheim ; and I believe they will be | tary substances, at least: in par 
hia diy, oe ter dees ihe 2 ape mie to th the air so rite Ee agree with the views ee at the other somone This is done principally by plo 
deep La rof that clay 1 ae Th (4 feet) deeper drains agr = schools in German * The principles prong Sheer sie 
so 
e depth would do in ayer of the soil. “1. — 
as 
open a Ergo consists in ——— i 
= ur- | Organic in ; the fs repeat 
+ on clay soils—they are, ms T ar 8 Jad abart, are | latter tr; ae) ere the. fo ue! the former eg soil which is co 
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readers may require to be informed that th. e | stances in t 
ashes” is us used by Daa chemists to signify not only upon the 
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would procuce favourable. 
d quality of the next crop: 
te scope mma Ft Sal artes ee arse a OF ater bert ar 
had been extracted by the working of it may be very difficult, 
