FEBRUARY 6, 1858.] 
HE AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. 
97 
necessity ea Benge A pe German practice f P) a corre- 
e of land, in the course of 4 years. In 
farms or breeding farms, the quantity 
„Now let us p bad e mineral constitue 1 acı 
sing fact that the mii of that | the case of dair 
sponding n of cres of meadow w land y 
2000 Ibs. of hay 
which had been extracted by the grain ; ; to te hte to 
consumed potas 16 ac res s would s uftice, consequen ntly 
+L 
Pend the more | so asa saa quantity of thi nis sbstane 
T so necessary for the growth of plants is con me aine eis 
the bones of cattle and the ee Bold from t 
d 
far 
the soil o re y 
form of dung produced by animals) is wanted. T 
| the amount of potash requir 
tof4 s which is not comb ere how be me spn yeas carried off in cheese an A nes 
amount H less Phe one cart load of ashes? Of t of animals the farm is eater than on arable 
mineral ele eme ry I will only ag veel a few which a ay (farms; b t a little b vill supply the deicieney, 
most important Those who ae not att ended to chemistry will feel 
some utes W when I state that, tho ough the Bry si ya 
For 
of all come phospha te of gme iad potash, pain they 
are often scarce in soils 0 oe qua ualit ty. Mor reover, oao carry much carbo: 
y have consumed—that is, fairly burnt away— 
and it is a very ex enavo mineral to, purchase as a 
12. ides corn and Potatoes, &c., cattle, shen and 
pigs are so ff from a farm. Now 1000 Ibs. of | separate article of comme tk y t 
Potatoes contain about 4 of mcr and 1 lb. of} to the stalk of Mat sony being th 
phosphoric acid; enade en 100,000 lbs. (the | depends. ay Pen: ements, gehen as EN magnesia, into their ay penis etdib, with paa er- 
average produ of 15* acres) are sh 400! of potash | iron, sulp are either 
carbon sent to the miller i in the sack we must therefore 
and perhaps 
it hs mon 
in point of ai amount, or are generally found in “average 
uantit' 
helping, as part of Erh air, > drive the sails of the wind- 
soils in sufficien t quan 
The 4 years crops will contain, then, about 100 lbs. 
f ph } or 2 cwt. about 
la 
exhaustion of iy ‘lineata E neS ‘ne effect, 
there these must be re-supplied. 
13, Ashes lordinary), eg ratings the leaves of 
of potash, which, together with about 2c 
Fi ind between 2 and 3 
o a account then stands thus in round numbers 
ge tameg to th» Fari 
Phosphates 
ER 
rees converted in Romy Se mud, and vegetable Tania crop only contains about one-fourth oi 
substances of all sorts are e zalle sits manure, phosphate of lime ; the of the Wheat and Barley aap ile dC: 
T 14. It is Skor *yanerally t hat it is more advan- containing sieatté half of It may be well to mention The cart ate ; 
tageous to employ penie, a coronae dung on arable |in passing that if we hed poten bites oal ropi instead Ins 7000 Ibs 
o long as the produce | of Turnips there would have been a difference in the Fodder | seas through ein) 30,000 
of the former can be Shon by being well dun pa roport: ti on of some, of the elements. ‘or “instance a as ng om 
a g' propm ’ Leaves trodden in . r + 18,000,, { 24 tons: 
As a general rule meadows are not manured directly ig Pota- pti en 
_ from their usually low , Carrots, and Parsnips require a eee te ount of 55,000 ,, 
by th fi potash ; the two last rather increase the percentage of Hamaved tom the F Derm: 
SAn m adjacent hei ate Aiie are “also irr igal ted Bme Phosphates 
artificially, pr thus their Bed is considerably | So much of these facts as bears on the question of oe, maa E 
increased. water al ways contains dissolved prasti cal manuri ng is set forth in the following ne The carbon represents fresh vegetable A rapa oa 
hich is prepared from various sources, but chiefly fro n grain 00 Tbs. 
omg te the pari reeta from it by the hay Mr. ws s jmn in the peri e- ‘ol nembers Society's s Fodder consumed in breath ;. "90,000 ” ity 
In cases in which no inundation occurs, or in Journ: l, No. x. p. 435, Ke numbers are in a pe! 34,500 on 
umed, the only intent: 
Biimoutary substances should be supplied by ashes, 
hee Las Anes and water from the overflowings 
of du 
Di 
some are 
beng to brin f me cea sa a rough division of the 
nstituents r the of showing,— 
The e practical result of this analysis of the four-course 
of crops, purpose tore 3 
L regen ene is chained font the atmosphere; 2, how 
system is tha t abou t one- -half the carbon of the 
regular] 
nitrogen and of phosphate ar 
of an amount of — 
This quantity 
much is 
eath of animals; and 3, how little of 
off the land. 
pm g 
Sher P Immediately 0 or in the co oe a few years. | the ebb ‘nets carried in i 
Agricultural chemistry shows ihat even irrigate ed Deer voy returned h gee mde innse meres ig by pan 
‘eats, vh when dunged, produce remunerative results. S een 7 me p a 4 | <<, in the an ordinary s tate rof ¢ condo 
į t manure for meadows is phosphate of lime. Sg Te Fe Š 
i irrigating waters there is seldom a trace of phos we ; š “m 5 = | S Pa tote 
Se acid to be foid, thongh this subst +i he z ne Ss 2 = the nitrogen ros nd reeset rep 
es e foun: Tom the iis rake ose is being g 5 S z Eg A 3 | $ will eet presently; but, as a comment on the 
15. has e to farms without. meadow | | “ a Foe Ais VETE pare Tei f 
4 ae and where ‘thes object is to bei) ag ng without , ge | à that, under the best system of English pepe ser 
Nie fi A = |is the — part of hers mineral constituents of plants 
inishing t the ferti lity o of the uch case o | a left on but nsidi ble addition is made to 
ihe bec means of etn: pna is x aj tion rota- a | 3 Tam, TORET 
tion of cro pe—by m chanical EE fs lie 8 = | es rig in oe form o emia’ should also be 
ani te stictstaaly hy : ila g! SS | observed that I have not taken into account the corn 
i of t ae Pare ie to the surface ‘@ Pe sae > a | Th 3 3 z which is anions hirig: or give k on me 
drainage, ay Asa ploughing, and sowing deep roo £ ag Se $8 Se \8= farm. Mr. T.D. Acland’s Hleméntary sb 
plants. But wit ment diminution | | S 3.22 SS SB | PSFE sr | the C of Farming. 
of Pie, he in ity at yi) | eventually take p lace. | B JS eee é 
ordinary Ring R A of agricul- | | 3 2 ys | a ee sip ; 
antedin the | | © ‘o we zg èag = = e 
losphori ae t quantiti g i peal a oae rast tre: aah tate E Boys’ School at te Holywell Work 
ong “hc the wil i 8 natoral deficient in alim Ses È> | house.—The following report by ellinger 
i soluble substances, or when it h eR mca) 2 oy ns mi gH SEEE ae one of her Majesty’s Inspectors of Schools, 
4 TAR ae e ven that th ro || 3 = ss Se si Hr ža the nce at all the agricultural al school in Ireland, 
Turnips, Potàtoes, ATTO! o 4(\5= |thatfi work d of ti 
; want of ‘potash and possibly o il in| | ica Moka, 2 a: | day does not interfere with the efficiency of ordinary 
j ae use the dora tet ility. $ a3 oa 2S 22 z3 ss edi :—This con 61 boys, of 
de — hyeri of land is easily sic when for | | = oe san Pah 5 S $2 | whom 36 are ve nine years old; 19 between 
n amount of partial alimen sub- > D —| & |=2 |nine and six; and seve boys under six years of 
roduce immediately, or for a a | g Z| = |Ē3 |age. It is taught by a single ,. Mr. 
hiv Bad app cation of bone ashes ian bg he ee re Bo oe wer g = 33 Roberts, without any assistant ” er; and 
isto be ey ink aban atai from, « once P| SEE 3 LIecABS ITER iata of aad wicking Cth. toon? Gee 
fain that e 2p or 5 acres working ; inw 
horic acid in the soil, in pronor deicieney ot ‘hos gE] w~ ee ow |23| | & | Wheat, roots, and all Kinds of vegeta- 
, in pro S S 5S oS aS % |o bles wn. are igs kept and attended 
ali = Rs = Pp % 
ens ry eon a egg oe It is by such aser : 5 i & | to by the boys. ground is well cult ted, Meg nd 
eee thie Pri N Asiwe, CAN s ae Y |= | a | about 15/. an acre net profit. y visit on the 29t 
atthe sai, oe wledge of the chemical components || 2 4 pE s2 = | |E | &|ult.about20 boys turned toand dug ; sothatI 
SEM site: s capability of producing a parti- PIS | 8 ea anoa, hiak real work is done, k pe > 
e & | lab an T ani th oan taught 
(To be continued.) 2 $ 88 Be 8s | ZS the Ds out-door working 2 Dee i-dooe at 
DO CRO OVE FROM THE LAN pee Ss dees ate eee ergy Mags os Se 
Tur E gross weight of vegetable produce a on an The next point 1 to be examined i is, what portion of ‘the | three hours daily, presori be by. the the ioe Tae Law. ‘The 
he four-course ha wen] ai course of good farming. | oa on ihe same day, and I found the enstruction of 
be, in the course of ye about AD tone ih a a rE aea ajaaa about one- apa ihr lasses as follows; the lower classes being 
numbers, of which about -fifths will be water ; fairly Jlearni 
ing, in round n about 19 mah irae = age as pala ea oR kno et The ceantinat’ a ted chicle by 
tons, of : He ni about 1 > Fed about 50 Ibs. of phosp' or 1 ewt. of p te w. examina on was conduc 
matter or ashes, which would be left if all tho |°! from the butchers or from any boo : 
Another part ‘of the produce that goes to market is | frien in the Coll sof 8 M ett (th 
pe the four eens, were, porns. look at the live stock or dead meat. The carbo contained in | microscopist), ascertained. from iam Sna me 
tig iito wn a ne Pag pis reese but without th nitro ponei Ea sie En DRIN agon T gare moig a Toas es 
I more parti an will serve to give oi owas rani d : the bones of n 
racti gen is only about 1 lb. to the ff, and the | animals would doubtless less. I have since met: 
Beans eden otra st a ihe et of tn bea he SE ae 
f be i away, of whia bo! aniy shove dor- those $ This calculation. Skiru th singault a: 
e two parks high shoes peed a “ce se ay not fail to observe that I speak of “‘good = T experiment thal cow conned a more 
0 "andi farming.” carbon, which would atnount in 
Seon Sate Eee | Ta a eg eae Sr eee 
nd in those forms imbi by plant. an he Vase ake thes pole ah, he f pasture or 4 weight of E ot the Toots e et es te sE eon red to 
The 4 years’ crop foand. to tain about | Meadow land in addition to an acre in Clover. “Without artificial supply the carbon Pies desde in the would be be above 
) Ibs. of carbon and E Seer. of SAIA A food, I think they would not on the average go to market under 28 000 Jha, i> ok mani Sit Two bullocks eating about 1} cwt. 
carbon į nd abou of nitroge! ej|2 old. Ta give tha GONIN wedi he coe sheep in Ave, por per day would ongona me ns (the produce 
about equally between the we have four sheep to put to the account of SAE ir aei ra a in Se a which ms would have 
and the green crops, but the nitrogen is divided in f, OF 60 Ibe. of bone, which require about 30 Ibs. of passed o in the carbonio acid of the breath. The estimate for 
vy ot Seda on 2 cwt. to the | Phospha eae eee sent off an acre in 4 years, or | G ras would not: be very Sanaa: A ton of oil-cake conta ins 
sand Grass. I Iiis yo alder ak Re yen meio fin annually. I assume the of about Lewt, of nitrogen, and half a cwt 
al ttention to this | a sh h 1 and as all accurate records of facts | acid and potash. Therefore, if half a ton of oil-cake is consumed 
3 you bite ieee that it dod toa aE paced have thse anus I venture to quote the foll note from | with acre of Turnips mga AA supposition) tho 
ly ¢ Tee ve found oon Superan ht of the a A ator A ‘the eae 
bones of cattle and sheep. Ak opaa Aya ae ha there were no other source of supply, 
` 
