_THE AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. 137 
“delicate, _and oe to the latter system m the belief he 
of traction | ropes ith a fixed en gine. Hisa attention | had been |m y be e a timated, o one with another, at a h Hea a pound 
da re ; other words, if we suppose tl > 2.600 000 inha- 
he best practical ress gece be derived | bitants of the oe to be divided into 600, 000 families of 
from it. of Fowler’s method of steam- | f ur each, two adults and t a children, the fieces of each fami! ly 
Plonghing, it had up to the peer ‘ime ‘been found very | daily may be roughly poa at llb. This gives 650,000 Ib: 
‘ective. This was shown by the of a 12-horse — | for ee eo — it produced daily by the popul: 
2 oe K pra m ation of 
lent ladies, S =e are toed an pa: narbi five ploughs during the w ee at t Sea pe of an acre | Lon sia ies nner the urine, taking one individual 
lians 
per hour. Te accomplish the name ‘work. with hhorse-pow er | with ae of ‘all oe may be reckoned at Ibs, that of a 
would take 16horses. The number = n the was | family =à oe daily, so that egos 4 ae ae 
five, she in the other eight ; in the they t be all | as derived from this latter, and hen 
ir 
of 
ttle ‘ba —_ . pig oughmen, whilst i in the ater thay. reat ani ma one | London sewerage, arising from the sae ‘population, exclu 
| pers mpetent to drive an engine, another able to gui ze sive of all other sources, would be 8, ane _— 
a ploughs, a and uo remainder could be done by tons per diem, or 1,376, 897 tons per a 
by e remarked that, corine the necess am 
| parlor cf e A ELER, tbe SER Let us now consider the arek present in 
these two pedas which eae to them a 
of m 
., equal to 3 
| engine might be pes in other operations o on the farm. 
| He regarded the an ment which had a ra y to ae aT up | certain value rticles 
na comminute the soil as the nearest a Guanes pe on ; z 
| ana arere the steam plough had been introduoed with the Pe nag that ret al espe 5, Professor bel Ae analysii we 
of friction, and where the soil was broken up by an | follow. 
iimplement equa tothe in the wake of bee Last, he beBoved it Water 75.0 
ro De T Lyte rocess of dig, ging, ae Bae thought this Nit mo 
mig) e the traction ro rope a nue, ce y , 
Mr. NEWTON eiA that the eg desta aronga by Romaine Phosphor a acid > cr 
would ultimately be found to be most successful in the ma Other ingredients . A T o2 
pac of the land, er foe fact that all the necessary operati ya cr eas 
Mtr. ‘To as Rows ad listened w interest to the | With regard to the urine 1000 ig ts habe contain as 8 flows: — 
Should they be "cut or | able paper of Me "Clarke which he regarded H a ane exe Water 
ime | 7¢sumé of what had been effected in steam culture up to the Salts of ammonia. pe cd 
sent period, and an extremely fair criticism upon the mer its ae Phosphoric acid e 1.35 
3 i ion. With reference to the remarks of Mr. Howie. Potash shy = d 115 
althor eagreed with him inthe belief that rotary cultivation rz q 
in some shape or other would be ultimately brought to bear, Other substances 7 5 6.90 
the =f l se tg oa e that it would = all that was pat nagar 000.00 
Doga imself, he ventur: y that the ol | Now 196 grains of ammoniacal sal 
ay or Beans Pein a he had introduced ya a step i hA the eres it direction, According t ia the above a ca cult ae ata fog) 
In exchange fo r | He thought kd ould bon question that it w: reall, r $4,000 grains o; ” d 
practica Ag plan, RESA perbrined the ough: at ha Nitrogen 478.8 
the cost of horse-power, bei the work was better done. He SE aca... iy = is sP ie 
= ing was happy to have the testimony of Mr. Mechi in its favour, Potash eh Y 96.6 
pte aws though it was by no means the first he had had. Seven acres | es ~~ es ede 0, 
of Tee bat oil, in the neighbourhood of Ipswic! hy aag aed x 688.8 
steam, and the result was, even on land which | py ee in Sat + Pint if 
remainder of "the. fa “ploughed and ae no ‘ich eubeall to be turned up, that a yield of a quarter made: 
per acre more in the CoP a obtained. The people in the | | E Phos- | | 
neighbourhood suggested that the differences arose from the 4 | Yields | Of ex- | Nitro- phoric | Potash.| Total. 
Ai ie th uce = depth of the tillage having prevented the drought from attack- | London jcrement gen. | acid. 
ing the Wheat. He admitted the superiority of ha: sodi e 
Wheat or straw on the unploughed part that 1 had on | cultivation over even steam ploughing, but it was too expen: Daily (Solia, 98 gr. | 77.0 gr.| 21.0 gr. 
equal the pl sivein practice, and he was prepared to say that, on heavy day family fet ays 478 gr. us. 4gr.| 96.6gr. 
team cultivation, equal to spade-labour, could be done | of fou: Liquid, |— 
28, hg acre. With regard to the wear and tear of the rope 121bs.|576 gr. eee gr. 117.6 gr. 
under his system a misapprehension existed. Upon clay land, Total, 
sowie he mld guarantee ths wear of the rope at ôd. pe acre; he 13 Ibs. 
aot hold believed it would not exceed 3d. per acre; but if the work was 
done upon PARTA a oil, abound: h sharp flint stones, Yearly |Total, 
greater care was necessary with regard to the rope, although oy 4745 lbs.| 30 lbs. | 10 Ibs. | 6 Ibs. 
ch cases he a the expense would not be greater ; 
if bye used the rope in the Lee, manner Fer frequently | 650,000 | Yearly (Total, 
did th bps ap, gene: of courso t hey must be families 1,376,897) 8705 | 2900 | 1770 | 18,875 
th © expen f their negligenc: Judging o of w athe had a tons, atitons, atitons, at| tons. 
of rotary ‘altivators, he believed that = mold occupy a | se. lps r | 32l. per | ua ber 
prominent position in a few years, and n ns should be ton 
u heard the spared to Pri this about. Ther was “one point which | Valve, yalia: valna, Value, 
: | bore materially upon woe cata ati ion ae Bre ent ae ___!487,4800.| 92,8002. | 54,8700. |635, 1501. 
were prepared to do all the cultivation ona mean: SMT IS ae RSET NPT 
machinery more advantag osmay than by horse power, os. [ane ere 6 calculat ion z lower k pe that which Poraa Way 
find pigs | themselves oni only tes quired for carting, and would SAVED, am not aware of any error in my fi 
have to stan Siale 5 lnrge poet ion of x ea This showed | This, however, represents only one nbn of the 
į the asp oy of bringing about a perfect system of steam | London sew = ch includes also, th of t 
ract Mr. Boydell had gone far to develope that. _ vie e materials emplo BE 
a ious man’ ; the mater’ joyed - 
ur-horse power—could be used for the work | ing ; a Ai least, of the dung of domestic 
a farm more economically than horses. He thought it ought animals, and much of the offal of the slaughter-houses 
to be fairly tried. Who was to try all those experiments? | go a 
Were the inventors to bear the whole brunt of that which ee Lacie quantity as well as the quality of that as 
i ot a i benefit? The landlords hitherto | Charge into t ames—its principal outlet-— 
ave done little. The Ro Agricultural Society had 
given no help. He could only state that t The calculation, therefore, may be made with advantage in 
is system at Salisbury was appointed to take place on a | another way, namely, by esti isting t the amount of the London 
TE es steep hill, resembling the roof > the de sewage, and dete: g the value of the in resent 
at was that the stea ugh would not answer. | deduced from a fair average of se samples. 
T | Notwithstanding all this, he was Vy pute to age that also been undertak He fman, Way, and 
he could plough at half the cost of e It was | others, and the results are as follows. It has been roughly 
ey could get no assistance from the public or from the ted, that the average quantity of sewerage flowing i 
anded proprietors, who would, after all, derive the on st | river Thames ten amounts to 95,000,000 of gallons, and as 
benefits in the improved rental of their estates. As far 220 gallons h a ton, this may be caleulated*at 431,8 $50 tons. 
steam ploughing was concerned, he considered his task Wes The sewers oP iedon discharge daily 95,000,000 gallons, equal 
done; but it was for such men as Messrs. Romaine and oa to 624.5 tons, TONA ES 
to carry t their exper: riments further in another eget Si and h Worth 
was strongly of opinion that the public at large ought to hel; In the ton at ton £ 
them in coca rk, 5 Ammonia .. .. (8.00) 50.0tons .. GeL .- 2800 
Mr. H (of Woolston) avowed his determination not | Ph. acidin earths .. (1.25) 8.0tons .. (TL) .. 56 
to ace pe assistance from any societyjor any individual. in alkalies .. (1.75) WW5tons .. (82) .. 68 
He said all farmers would admit that the first month after 1.00 7.0tons .. (311) .. 217 
harvest was wo the other months of the year a Organi matter 30.00) 188.0 tons .. (1) .. 188 
her. ere were, in fact, a, Shek months ie (68.00) 360.0 tons 
were really valuable to the farmer ee 
pyes ne p epena = beep i te 
recommen was the engine, These sewers therefore disc early 33,675,000,000 ons 
had found a 7-horse engine perpen Tor ail h his work, aa equal to 2,279,425 tons, $ bh Totaal n If this gai greatly 
farm of about 200 acres, 110 of which were arable, — the | exceeds the former estimate w recollect how many other 
engine could do all the threshing, grinding, cu ret ae The | matters besides haman excreta tnd their way into the Tondon 
tackle to be attached to it, he contended, in the | sewers, and therefore rapa tho èn unt. However, hie calcu- 
first season it was e had found in Jis. own ex; porine lations do not as yet rest ently secure basis tó give 
and that of his brother farmers, that a quarter per acre more | us confidence in the A: pone it yer > therefore be safer to 
in the tae of bee? crops resulted ee rs system. Mr. Smith | | take the mean of the two methods, and to rec! Par my value of 
ak contrast the system of anchorage and rope | the whole in round numbers at one million st 
traction adopted Mr. Fowler with his own plan, and 
pointed ont the im cea riton bs had mado in the number | , Let us, however, now consider the reverse of this 
Ph orses he hato: employed previously to the introduction of his | picture, 
GE nary horse of at aghi k po pena of steam-cultivation. In the fret on we steam-| When we recollect that a gallon of London sewage water con- 
hed a field twice over, and the yield was41 bushels of Peas pree POT —_— ct ing rete rali Se 
pintado rs Be ley, and the yield of that | purposes of agri culture, it will be seen that every portion of 
rom land ajere ene rmerly | is diluted wit! O E gs ors in oer words, 
oa pa e pon an average he | that if arrested at the point of its disgorgement from 
employed a2 steam machinery in culture 39 days in the year, | mouth of the bg and oes ON in that state to the land, ed 
consuming 144 tons of coals, at a cost of 14l. 10s. The only | should be compelled to 300 tons of water for every ton of 
q | 2dditional cost was in increased mia for during-that DEDA manure. In ps Aerer gros Fa available the gein = 
i advi 
steam- tention’, re land in their aia ion, or under their 
gement. 
OXFORD: On Sewerage, Jan. 27:—Dr. Daubeny de- Phe eee e 
erod a lecture on ile subject in which he considered peter, by meani ee ee witless tama 
which the agricultural v value of town sewerage, an d from lt-ns] state to the very bpot whats = can be a be usefully app lied, by the 
and ether meohanical 
by the of pipes h r contrivances, i wale may 
‘time was extracts. He ae The aeaiee sr of the | supersede the necessity for the use of cartage and vessels 
they | sewerage of to not been ve aigein when | cious enough to so amaterial. as 
porse we assign to that of of aon aloe money value equal I _proposeto consider these three mi methods in succession, 
existe perp ress aliy. ning with the one which has been first allu uded-to, 
This may be calculated ways, either the average which is the most simple and direct of any. 
improvements | value of thee in ients ‘which baa in the wa aa liquid.ex- | Looking only to theory, we should be led to pass an un- 
to by Mr. | et void the Lira r from average quality | favourable verdict with respect to the merits of the first of the 
uantit; ai E is discha in the course | plans, for it appears from the experiments of Professor W: 
Beene of Ss boas avenge naman i it is carried that when is filtered thro ugh flannel, and the polit 
the employment | off. It would aj pcs ante A oe e solid excrements of individuals | matter so is swbmitted to analysis, only 2.73 of phos- 
