466 THE 
AGRICULTURAL diirit 
T 1 Sie: d ordinary s seeds, they st retch ¢ along the m the amount of eva 
gece gia Papena 8 e bes m cn little narrow wire-like poeeme and Hy “chat does oh per with i | Where the evaporation on: shod mpy, g On in the 
stone, Bart., reporte Pa ey E a Glover pant it dies; but if it finds the Clover plant, it makes | removed, and th bien gravid rhe 
Committe> that Professor Voele ker 5 the Con: sultin tin way t and older t of the original fe Soon | soils coula result. This:evapo ae Sing of = 
> RRR iit? hibit away y. Bie n = the oe eon is attached prs ck th ae yence Hias inis T m 
i ro Cloy ces little papille or e processes | condition of roots ion in 
a dia agram for experime ents to ascertain -the essen nti of a delicate ng te sl which drive their nom pins the | perime S, To E ae —it is sho 
fertilising value of ammonia as applied to ri drape goer tissue of the stalk of the Clover. The plant derives the| development the ge 
that Pr ofe essor Voelcker intended, a futur: hole of its nourishment, _ the first early epoch of its | ment of the roots Vourable 
wegen the jui vse whi Mon ee the plants | only to consider 
rely parasitic. of Darasitiens 
C ion, t Bu ifica plant, and th a of 
Sir John Tain stone then sub aTa an een |= be eaha of roots are not a te by aes "plants as Broom- | think the ra a Ps fro the 
schedule of Member’s Privileges of Chemical Analysis, | Rapes and Dodders ; for we have others which are imperfe ectly | Quick a flow of the sap through teen leaves Tay gael 
which. was „adopt by the y Ie is new | parasitic, and which nt in this kind of parasitism a distinct | elaboration which is ecessary ftom tak and 
b l “opinion of the genuineness constitution. Of these are the weeds often found in pastures, | 1 think all our observations hitherto Ag Place 
Schedule, not only an opinion err E called the 'Eyebright, the Mellon.) Bait lan; and pom 8 heen. tain amount of elaboration di tend to show 
Peruvian guano may be ene of the © ret have before me a specim: a plani o. balp one selves, and. if there is too rapid. Place in the moat 
Chemist by members of ciety, at the small fee as | ioe to this class, which ie fines n this absorbed by the roots towarde i, How of the wee 
five shill but a ilar opinion of the genuine- | roots at first attach aor ves to. other pianta ike the Broom- | there is not a sufficient supply of la Der park of S 
ve shillings, paa pei aa Rapes. A careful examination shows little. suckers ise-like the roots, and we get too crude cones 5 
n f e-dust or oil-cake, at the same rate of charge ; rores upon Hie roots but when the plant ae, a certain | part. In the cases of plante culti er foe a 
for fe a ereign, not only an analysis of oil- | degree of vigou s to arasitic, it ceases to depend | see excessive luxuriance of folia, tivated fon the 
cake may be obtained by members, but also of any | upon the nurse, e ‘up ate , becomes covered with green | to flo nda throwing back Fine whole fom 
other substance for feeding-purposes; and no need proridon Sie sn ole namra iy ae: hing occurs Whareti we too great ha 
+ : ; : e asite where the age in grain plants, h A 
only ana of animal prođucts, at a fee varyin early EaR of growth. When it A te it ahata nitr a meer vo Py ss ae 
Son e gr irty shillings, but nS eu ags ses of any | rootlet like any other seed. It attaches itself to the pranchion vegetative structure, an 
y gs, P y o gi , d. the 
vegetable product :” ch privileges, however, not | of t me posed it infests by the viscid gummy or mucilaginous | agency (heat, light) is incapable of ¢ 
being okeania to analyses ma adas for persons com- matt aa pact the gies eed, ies a Palla Ay ei ot ee ing the one see the same in i 
P e) w x } 
= — engaged in the manufacture of any substance fii hat if it falls be Fk ponte: EET O mei ee ba ee T pera the f 
for | delicate thin tind and sticks there, when i ins to germi- | garden will run away and produce 
Cun @.—Lord Portman, Chairman of the | rate the lower part of the stem spreads out toa kind of dise, | but the seeds will È h 
: and fro ecentre. This the little rootlet penetrates through ts it is a common 
oti Scien + Committe, presented = ae the spongy parts beneath the bark, making its w ay to the cam- | foots, to cut off the apoia sioa 
report of the operations and arrangements connected | bium where the new growth of the nur nt will take place, | withholding water, an thus cause the ati 
with the en suing ran os ry Meeting in rt city, now in | sot hat the seedling is a = N y to the _— condition Harat were, ånd erro te its food rather than, 
as a bud when it is grafted on the stock in o; ry opera- | the tiotiomotinaw t 
a favourable train for completion; and submitted se tions of gardening ; an organic connectionis set up, the tissues owe? rption a ip: 
the e appro roval of the Council the programme for become vitally connected, and then the plant becomes, as it | with FATAN oar ey podi jän net aos 
occasion. were, a branch of the nurse plant, and no longer produces any | of which vegetable structure portant of the ma the 
IMPLEMENTS.—Colonel Challoner, Chairman of the | Toot structure. Still, though it has no:root, unlike the Broom- | There is little doubt that the greater mee n 
h f tl Rapes x hich I tor dverted, it does [produce green leaves; | tained in pi RS 
Implement Committee, Co * a Sgn cana he | even its stem becomes green ; and it decomposes oxygen, there. | aned Pea aks 
arrangements in conn various opics fore, though it aeons not absorb its own food, it performs some | ; portant of the substances abso 
ittee by th neil. of the processes ef vegetation, and takes a'share in i d 
Zared tahe — Se T, gk Warwick havin: elaboration of the food. These are interesting f pecul: EAST: derived from both chemical 
aes Cam y S | constitutions plants, manifoting themselves in peculiar r L published. in. 
itted to the Council agreement signed by | yj qualiti hey may be fairly called, i roots. It bygn g ieg 
himself on behalf of that ——_ under the great seal | certainly must be regarded as a vital Rennie in these plants | in the development of the 
of the oe the arse il authorised the Secre- | that shes rene themselves in this ly to ather sectetions:ob- claboratc 
tary the-agreem i ma If, Senesni Dk particular parts and even to particular species ation of the structures. sho 
manur 
this. Proper some facts and aai iae as to the auctions of | produc cessive gro 
roots generally in reference to the supposed gece omena of | but a oun 
g 
chùi ce. The above are illustrations of w. hih jme «called in | conve: may be call 
VEGETABLE Puysrorocy.—Professor Henfrey’s roots choles of on the nd the ey ma fe ta Ren. soy ving, a r Sa produco, tiat pre 
part, as evidence on the ganera qaaa on. sve consider ary 
Society, N fe the Brg, Agricultural E regard t Lees eo eee! shea phe Meret a regard cho oe —s th — ia pi P oe 
s ? F in man, for ex: k e plant cannot gi ow ween an the wi plait ug] abundat | 
s follo what food it piegage, but it has a kind of tb choice. It | supply of food, and t i 
ue agi head lof ‘ry Tae ecture has reference to the constitu- ot grow upon food that is unsuitable—it must haye that | foo is undow b 
tion of particular organs. No organ, perhaps, is OF more food. which is LER for its En ansa g Ifthe mos Boussingault o 
interest in this r t or a ater variety of condi- | is indifferent the plant will n ww, butt ni ot be a a tl 
tions, i wing be gt to ya , than ihg zobis at rag Inbelp inji ee If the food i is yesh Sr p$ lant wil ue ee i 
much the case with those, who take merely a chemical, vie y it; bu properly mi ave which is 
hysiology, to re; the root as a kind of absorbing machine, | favourable, so that we may say thereis a kind of choice, which, as 
physi > g 
as a p or prolongation of the structure into the soil | alread marked is it were negati th 
(serving like the lower | f the wick of a lamp) to absorb | of refusing to grow unless proper food is supp! 
the nourishment waseines in the roi Such a ia as t = the only. w way in which we can suppose that 
view of the nature of the root, and leaves out o 
ch ai 
Bean. ag various kaoa ae raai and we 
duced by the different kinds of Grass an 
si the class to helt th 
as we see or 
glass. The number of th iy | membrane of the rootlets, Sj the 
ti ulus applied to the plant a the base of the stem | differences in the rtional absorption PE Vipp: ma TA 
when the roots are sprouting. he number is not fixed in any | tuents of the soil. owever. is rather a speculative than. 
iven plant; it varies a tent in proportion the | an assured point. fero © Brea eater part of the. absorption of liquid 
supply of food furnished to the food is decidedly a. mere physi sa process. § the food | of potash showed two hun 
ut when developed in either of these w: lants: do not | to. be favourable ond. asotele, ms opposing the proper con- Ripodas in pany? ote. The resul 
all send their into the soil to ae the food in | ditions to cor fulfilled in the eae ac aren the tne absorption of | the plan own also in the quan 
the e way. = lants growing down into | food is, extent, a t is the tissues ain sibetace of w gaan ai eb 
the soil; then we have growing in water, and = result of. the action of pt Se payee ei Ay E inten of car’ 
addition to these there pon others which never make their way | gum 
into the earth or into = water, but are supplied by the 
tained in a a damp ‘atmosphere. siderable 
difference y exis ste e Wi 
ag absorb t thelr f fae mate is th: 
specimen, ha 
and te pale brownish 
Snap- 
germ 
seeds are sown the: 
ordinary being but Ta ig donot Ma a ah of be vind 
— 
aes destitute mein (the leaves 
P 
achoice. I think this statement is sufficient to 
stance 
in th sufficient to account for the p 
abuni that partic subsi in its ash, 
EAEE 8 that enone in its ash than 
ade why gie been w aed ped 
addition to Soe refusal to produce organization out of unfit 
food, we have certain phenomena which chemical 
and renr “physieal tom 
great e: 
but nitra’ ns of po 
f s and wi 
many re 
into a bladder, and m will 
If the 
she >p 
ressure is withstood there ma; 
der from the tension produced by the excess of absorp- 
Some experiments have been a 
German <A eatin oms Hofmeister, showin, 
of the flow of saj 
ago Hales she per 
mosis 
spe a 
His experime with yia a gee! containing 
ercury showed ayei ent sory oft the Vine Sealine the sap 
, at the of what is called lism of the 
raise a sh se of mercury peck gr 
osphere, bh same gN: a hue 
ers, Brücke has observed 
ene the iias of the branch from i a of 
t—for instance, a A ni dene Ly the zooi arma id eme 
lift am o inches of mereury, aie inches a 
Boussingaalt’s 
is Fine se efficient agent in the 
taking place in 
See of 
anatomical examination of the era Ps 
elaboration 
Be 
tho midst f™ 
ea wane a a A 
e the 
root would only lift eg See cae ; so that the yon Gate as Sof one ae ref to 
which they ly parasitic, they wither away ; if oS and the stem bs d, as re like ti co tat unicating tubes, advert 1 the first place, that we have 
find a ojat of the kind i the pers: Pie nS send their and the pressure was ikari in -proportion to the istance thesis as to action of roots. from 
slender rootlets into theroot of the plant which t Shaner from the roots. Hofmeister oA gone further than this, and | only apply to r of a certain kin 
infest, and very soon the structures sameaa completely ates, has shown that the force lies in the roots. By fixing the tubes | growing in water or very. wet so! 
after which the plant derives the whole of its nourishment f upon the roots themsel es, and in making some experiments | sition that roots act not mere! wi 
from the root of the plant which it has attacked. Not only | on the common herbaceous garden plants, he has found that by decomposing solid z in 
have these ponies a particular r constitution, but they infest par- | the same force exists throughout all of th and throughout | contact. In this he endeavours to expli 
ticular species or groups. is small Broom-Rape (Orobanche | all seasons modified by conditions of humidity of the atmo- | soils of substances. apparently 
minor) infests Clover, another poe infests Ivy, another kind | sphere and soil one experiment on the common a lg only do aluminov ils, as sh 
infests bed-straw; six or eight differe: ‘ies are known to bota- | a plant a yard high was — off near h = poat —— ube con- | useful substances, event thi 
“saci this country and many kasya in foreign countries: This | taining mercury, simi a baroni tube, was fixed upon | humous soils also a similar po 
plan ion oi apace! iarity in the perma ya of roots this; at was found that ry fotos of _ aa driven out ye the | Then w phospha ; 
pon whic culiarity of the en plant. . It is of the by the sittin of water from the surround- they come into contact wi alum 
plant to agriculturists, no he, ene of any ig ‘soil ‘ould raise a-colim: ual to 20 inches of mercury. | these are decomposable again by i 
neficial account of the mischief which it does. | Even little seedling Peas ware fonnd vbe capabieol of f foreing up | way the phosphates rendered & iani a 
ve al specimen of the Dodder (Cuscuta) which acolumn of 1 inch oi ditions of | the phosphates o we ù a 
sah we ionally also in Clover fields, particu- |.the tissue of the sake ail relay ree A to requisite should s ; 
piept e plant has flowers like the Convolvulus | wo o who gi P Or Neca alumina that soluble 'silioates 
mall | longs to the family of the Convolvulaceæ, | would thig endpamn aloi this driving of the fluids| But, as I aid, Liebig part sa 
This plan on ther pest, the Spends in the long hens pera of the woody tissue, | be able. to deco mpose and mo truth in, this A 
at the fee lik ds of the Convolvulus, en it, was filtered out fr frora the absorbing cells: by the tension | compoun meas There may be 80 uliarities in the A etration " 
that oe pi eins 1 pty flowers of ced nA nu sive absorption, In these experiments a| must oe it to certain Aans Asan 
Seed fall to the ground they germinate | most important difference in the pressure was found to result | as wo of the roots 
