THE GARDENERS’ CHRONICLE. (Octoner 9, 1838, 
A SAT NE TNS TRY SE TET Theat atate. T ~L 
h servoir is at its “ Ilest state. This high; to venti condition, | He knows 
for an instant hk maintained t desperate. be ws that the easy 
e | it not for the Sbetrnetionte which the water meets|or other conditions s b tes tn perati 
i reolatine through the chalk and other pod drainage will often w. nosphere, and ig. 
aries ex- 
ee 
lay 
es and Lon on c aii aha so ns? This question w 
i g : the ry n mi y | 
gh the | e ain gauge | 3 tion n The 
= Keane ter w pnd h e | escarpment of: tho. T chalk ait in a are | application of ia may oun Tk UTA | 
4 + ah. of r: 
l 
DALTON’S erime ray Ste rA re piris s 
fall of a Taaie to pá about 36 inche es, and beste 'snbaidenee n the subterranean water has. beer prerii To l 
the mean of e Rev. M UTTERBUCK to years that rlpbet of iron Piao 7 
yi d it has been 
colation through the gauge |was found 
84 inches n et ; and M 5 Dr rp ale cases, 
I AR aper by Mr. DICKINSON, yan was | has good authority for stating that in some years | tried with success, though 
rea jat aforo the Boril society in January, 1851, | it has amounted to between 50 and 60 feet.| quently as the rgency of nae 
we have the geal of ex eigr rimen te with: à a similar|In an h intend ae 
849 | pr 
u 
inclusive. The herament was fixed in Hertford- | surface, and it was never observed to b s diseases in a and the l 
ire: the e | lower. ov 2, the aey. till lately not rested 
inches of the sur- |experim “ii e Mess 
son 
v 
ious mn t 
whole of tl in that had fallen upon it without | be considered the extreme highest and lowest, the matter, and it aj 
ay instance | of Spata of the gauge; and it bein ng 6} feet. _ But by this close. approach o £ | of iron, as chloride of iron and pyro 
25.90 ftr q equally efficacious. 
rain y 
inches pee ann —_ vt the average “of percolation fie ‘below wer they c an ever reach through | ments were confine 
ches. p y gravel, the constitution of trees must | absorption'of these s b but 
oft the latter varias br ceedingly, as will be seen by|be as seriously “affeo ted as if the subterranean | since oe ee that the appli 
several solutions wi c 
a comparison of the results in ipa and 1849, as| water had been 40 feet below them. al solution: 
given in the following Table: Whilst it is certain that the roots of trees expe- | ianiai e is attended 
nde 
; 1849. rien 
= ma ot taderground water, the effect of such ie 
sani uesti: In some season: g a v sufficien 
Months, Percolated Percolated ek reei , they penetrate muc! oh er than summer 
Fallen. Dasrox's Fallen. {through rains, according to the in ‘atin ‘of a DALTON’s p 
auge, Gauge. | gauge, would reach. Should moisture fail below, | “ PANELI 
Jany 240 2.32 1.80 roots solely sa pane on it must soon become 
February Lio 204 2.04 2.18 40 inactive and of no a to the tree, and it yio 
March 3.65 2.51 eur 09 have been better if soe 
ae pe ti Py eae may not die, although in very dry soil, for awd 
dano : +2 So oa Ls when they become soaked wi hiies moistur 2 Sand 
get z : : the springs emn rise, it cannot be expected that 
Aoa bea 2.60 0.07 280 = z ill n condition to supply good nourish- 
October - 4.55 3.82 1.82 ent. W tho woote of orasida Of 
Ae 4 $3 x ku 1.03 a a tree, edee anon to the hot sun and dry 
S = The tee per cut where 
| 31.00 | 1 24.65 | 1.52 | the e perpendicular side of a t was form a phyll, to 
From the above it ap or whilst 173 inches | at some distance from the tree > bute a aly of that Ac 
of rain 3 feet of soil into the he left the roots projecting ‘horizontally in the 
Fedbaeen of the ANA ie 1836, little more ek 1} | air to the distance of more than 3 feet. The fibres, | uch divided as to its mee 
inch sunk below 3 feet in 1849.. om course, are dried up, but the stronger roots are the grains of chloroghy! were 
_ ns Table shows the fall of rain in oe eee néss by the flow of return- | Starch granule is th 
of each year, April to sap which still continues towards them, but collections of matter witho 
September inclusive I the percolation in the fesh a cannot be made, as Aa tissue is | Closing starch granules ra 
n its attempting to protru The tree pee’ tie noah noe 
EJ 
1835. | 1836. | 1837. | 1838. [ss | 1840. | 1841. | 1842. J 1843. | 1844. [isss | 1846. | 1847. |11 8. l 1849. age |E 
Ins. | Ins, | Ins. | Ins. | Ins. | Ins. | Ins. | Ins. | Ins. | Ins. | Ins. | Ins. | Ins. | Ins. | Ins. 
Fall of 
the t amir | 11.99 | 12.20 | 9.80 | 10.81 | 17.41] 9.68 | 16.95 | 12.15 | 14.04 | 8.07 | 11.57 | 11.50 | 11.31 | 13.00 | 19.91 | 12.29 
sae mt 0.46) 2.10} 0.10] 0.12] 260) .. | .. | 1.30] 099] .. | .. | 098} .. | ovo! .. | 067 | 
ar 
This Table shows how small a proportion of the |is wholly dependent for nourishment on the un- — san or the ass itself D 
which falls in the summer passes disturbed roots on the opion a and it has |j acs rtions which oly G al 
gh the soil to the depth of 3 feet; not|made some young shoots. This shows that if a often involve | 
one-twentieth part on the average, and in| portion of the roots of a tree be situated where | granules. 
‘some seasons none at all. The a hey can obtain moisture, another portion may be | on a single p 
according to Mr. Dickrnson’s Tables, apay and yet live for a considerable time, but only seat anule ee eee 
much as 9.38 inches, on the average, in the oa the expense of the tree, to which they can a beeen the grains of 
winter months against 0.57 inches in the summer. = Sn no Aduiisinlent When they fail to do Eti but it it is doubtful if they 
although the fall of rain in both periods is nearly this the flow of sap must be deranged; and so it| the form of perfect cel oat 
equal. Bans quantity of water passing „e must adh ae when they begin “to act on er ‘With t HES pet oar on the subject 
gauge ; e ye: . {return of moisture which they can only absorb | Gris examined irom had 
CKINSON observes, is wee ey different in its pene yong and that is bad, till they can | where salts of ca 
relation to the quantity of rain falls, which | e result of his exa 
ws tent bem the manner of ur a rain falling. © In porate at: rrest = evelopment of og 
ving an ini 
the case 
The low This 
Sak pase tr $ hte ites mi Pay being presario end therefore subjecting trees to | ahlorotised cells, “wh 
the ais a ne oo ait vicissitudes whicl ail to prove injurio : j 
reservoir water is sup- | the best remedy is to render the trees as inde; en-|dition. As in so man, 
plied a ly be, ep and continuous fall, and dent of such supply as-is possible, The excessive | cesses, nothin 
£ A er | rise of these springs should be prevented by | why the heal 
ough- | draina as it is proved by the DALTON | necessary 
o il will | of er 
are m 
out six per of summer, gan 
From what has been stated it is evident, that the i 
je | retain nearly all the summer fall of rain, ground 
main a of viter mi ee Teservoirs is | for trees should be trenched, or at all pers rater 
deriy rains ; =a the meth of soil loosened to that depth. The mass will retain 
er rains ient moi : 
warm summer rains; butif| Ir is a fact noto hat | pay 
qually moist from under-ground sonrece, ir rious to every gardene 
w i known that crops welthor do stot o not succeed, ai Da at plants il vil dein paar ue De chloro: 
et Ago much to the quantity of tive of be If the tissues 
will not be set ‘res and carbon wil 
s Tring or le, is| turn. It is, therefore, a matter of importan 
Above the wells at Watfo Whien to the cultivator to bring Soak DU plants | 
