fee 
Novenner 6, 1858.] THE AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. 819 
: pouse by an abstemiousness irreconcilable | of land requiring perhaps the immediate investment of; within the soil of the available nitrogen of 
ey Sain or ident n bealth ; and yet th 8000/. or 10,0007. in actual l e -= vati on outlay, and | into, one), m Mew | nitrogenous manures, Dad each 
with the smell of a pig pit, hang over “ compost” | then to quarrel with the refinemer effect in increasing the produte of the 
“a jthad the ar oma of their best claret. | the man who, we = te hani, ‘places his all on the | | cereal cro) “ea 
s be no ner of doubt but that, were'it a | speculation of a lease at best often on a prec carious| Other experimental results were adduced, which 
we es of competitive porate nation, the Peerage would | “agreement. > illustrated the fact ‘that four years of Wheat, alternated 
marks for ee ieehis kno owledge | in _, Large interspaces are bad on the social surface ; it i 
Sic of estate management an better t il te, | as eight crops ag Wheat, grown consecutively. Again, 
other oe gt t whatever. The “Quarterly” | piano, and hunter, should in -every tward -sign | fou crops of Whea age napin me va with a 
then ee Bdinburgh” ld their own places on the | app jal level of his landlord, t oon to have | gi vate mee the of nitrogen per acre 
ps arin but the ra a ltural Journal” ‘has its | an estate with a gentleman at the oe of it, if the only | the four crops grown in Siternation with fallow ; ; conse- 
yara cat | first—its pages most . studied. Not pt are | one at all like a a upon it. There 
now, toag d by-gone tenantry, many a real good | gi rown ` consecutively. he case of tbe i aiora 
t they are careful to procure tenants -w with all the fotlings of ageationan with Beans, therefore iho pr of the nitrogen ob- 
i skill wherewith to farm wel miro a umpai lished exterior; but how many more | tained in the Beans th cay hs was over and above 
MEHER 
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em were _there of far different priera r and positi tion ? that ae 3 was obtained during the same series 
tain such men ; this has led not only ney h fi n Wheat alone, whaler ft was grown conse- 
e enduring covenant of oars |a at 1 home in their drawing- „rooms is an improvement Satira aik alternation with fallow 
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n that which met them shy, noe a and out of | “Interesting questions ry therefore, th 
a ae en of fences, drai The | place i in the “justice room’ varying ecumulation E regi 
landlord, if a something o a I have no hesitation in stating ‘my belief that the ez the case of crops 80 characteristically differing from 
ot escape galaia at pes n | improvement of = position of the labourer has pro- as those above referred 
his side, fited, and will yet p rofit, much by ea ivanb of the Pit had been ae n the Leguminous crops, 
‘his chi tenant-farmer to a higher socia al cond ition. wd tha ges? o | which uce such a com- 
pein at m at: beef, mutton, and h etal pro- paratively i "amount e of nitrogen over a re 
wet the. nie “of a system based on pure |g f good i 3 s y benefitted by 
Ever of the men By pr ET oa E rmana their intluence | a aire ay tbeation of “the more purely nitrogenous 
factories ; whether | for ee evil is s indeod -5 — may be many cereal-crops, on the other hand, whose 
oil to be oT up to carry its crops of corn, exceptions ; a as t ome — proves | serene ge yield d nitrogen under equal circumstances 
Pulse, or Grass ; or bullock, sheep, the maar rtre of pay = aens some sort comparatively so small, were very much in- 
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to the perfection of what each can carry | the pride of ‘the bom rorya wes — frd “upright con- pret the use of nang nitrogenous manures. 
best for the purposes of profit. ‘There is an amount | duct o the matter of honour to | But = was found that, a series of years, only 
of machinery in use, of skill put forth, of science | their ar of the henge annually orm in 
which has raised ‘ome I have no mon to touch at any length on the meee re for Wheat or Barley (in the form of 
from what it was—the reo of an pong sehich, political aspect of this, the raee once so in salts or nitrates) were recove he 
with little t thought to make t scarce | political agitation: they foug punea a a Mee poms me increase of crop. Was any considerable 
how—to a pursuit taxing every malty, calling | what they were bred to think a prop t and 
out day by day fresh intelligence, “Samii consi st? Was the supplied nitrogenous compound trans- 
able capital to be expended a BS Pe ge: skilfully, | of “ Protection ;” let us give who so | formed in the soil, iland nitrogen in someform evaporated? 
and indebted for W success to pri the result Ak | differed from them—full cme. for ‘the ‘manful way in | Did a n some fixed and unavailable 
i fi to rise a ioeibinction: in ae soil? Was ammonia or 
is not rj agricultural county, I believe, in| The a soil may indeed d Sepia the days of | free nitrogen given off during the growth of the plant? 
tai, in which the face of ge earth does no ot tell of long fallows, easy farming ; ii it has since then known no | Or, how far was there an unfavourable distribution and 
made in most i rest, For ever nowsin what | state of combination, wi pas the ye s oy nitrogenous 
prt It is fast turning "fields 4 nto gardens. The form to expect its next blows. rained ye oe moisture | matters applied an aaa or the crops—those 
pe the KO = anid of the | it treasured in the depths of its old 1 } h 
| pi ith fi miles 
the Juxu crops, -appoin build- | pierced with eakeen-possiigien iles of has iping ; | more, more, qaiboring wit 
beste vant, th the e applicat ofthe implements used, | submitting to all manner of scarifying, erus pase A es soil, al Fugi ciao fo avails 
their great v. plication of steam as the master | drilling; ploughed, and harrowed, aided rolled, the | nitrogenous residue within the range of collection o T a 
power of wax nary, the fold and sheds, all | utter confusion an pulverisation of its clod cent succeeding erop? These questions, among others 
has come so piiat on us, and yet so coming has | every kindof ible pou _ that fish, bird, man, which their solution | more or veg involved, required 
pan a developed its results, that I think we are | or beast can, conjoin ntly or severally, afford dri tl t inent 
y yet alive to the real nature of the rural|its texture; when early clothed with nature's ti 
ion at our own doors; its onward course seems | verdure soused, irrigated, } t of| Comparing the Ee ace gern Bee ory ‘in vn 
to no k, to bea ppalled by. no doubt. There | solid nastiness; thus ab bused, it has proved grateful; it | different crops, wn without nitrogenous 
isat this moment of lo has shown its power eet low prices by quick | manure -as above referral to, with the amount falli 
tition for ies; ; arene pinima machining returns, and has met the ‘depreciated value of its pro-|in the -measured aqueo ein re as sipað ani 
of epr 
aome, „ are seizing age nitric acid, it-a results of the 
» de ed to we that hows” ‘into more| — Thave-io’fear for the ultimate continued well-doing | analysis of three years’ rain athe at atthe crs wa dmg ood 
make it sw vapour and earn its coals, | of the mr ist, for I have no one wiegiving a fe as to | considerably more, and some very so 
What of the tenantry? J percept cpa ran fr ies wench eA the she sane ve the epr 
ol ni ust what common sense Ys wed upon i in . ever several of the : an ordi 
would have he aster 9 the demand has found the| her due, and in that due find in i a pursuit | rotation with one another, fit hes 
Sere RN ee capital and enterprise could worthy of the anw mE. e most the most active through two or three successive courses. Was this 
3 
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as the new as 
of things, except on favourable conditions. Improved i in this br. of a nation’s economy con- | sources at all- due merely to exhaustion of 
ge erage combining more liberty to the tenant | t its late evident, advanee, we have yet to see previously accumulated nitrogenous compound within 
cient security to the lan t ill the so 
ct t probably attributable chi 
f a more permanent, more independent occupa- rs aaae. T ma; yìn another letter again trespass | absorption of ammonia or nitric acid from the air, by 
i to the fair upon your columns, to speak o of :the labourer as he now | the plant or by an 
demand for comfort and convenience which men | is. S. G.-0., in Times of Nov. 4. | notable formation of ammonia or nitric acid, from the 
a et ery E nitrogen the atmosphere ?—or di 
y, « particular, assimilat 
oon ; ees 
pal na adapted to nature and Ae ti asain of “ON THE ANNUAL YIELD OF NITROGEN PER 
‘modern rent shea “thost have avai ACRE IN OIPYERENT onors oer ; 
landlords a choice of really good tenants. | By J.B. Lawes, F.R.S., F.C.8., aw ERT, Ph. D., ready intimated, some of the points which had 
‘tenants have proved themselves ever ready, as F.C.8.” oe neal to were at the present t under 
the rule, to follow out on their holdings every practical| [BRITI IATION FOR THE cole P merge or | investigation, the authors haying in this the able 
t that experimental farmin; ephe anis | Pini Taos me, Sipora B. September 28th, 1858:] | assistanee of Dr. Pugh; others, it might be hoped, 
of ov 3; I thi em | (Abstract). In apaper given last year at the Dublin | would receive elucidation insthe course of time. There 
Rei their generation. “Farming is their livelihood ; | Meeting, in the question of the assimilation course still the wider questions of the 
Se er centage on their capital; they show ne me by glani, and some allied points, the authors | original source, and of the distrit culation 
~ ess in.seizing on improvement in Y allaga |h neice gah in general terms that the amount of nitrogen of combined nitrogen in the je soil, at oe and vege- 
|yiel yielded pe t acre, per annum, in different crops, even — = on theearth’s surface, a . the atmosphere 
Poe ere earl which has stood the test of a fair 
> “Aetna content nba Ea in the forms of ammonia and nitric oC 
wait to see ree that a aed a reed he alin peers con es measured and analysed aqueous deposits from Home Correspondence. 
a toy turns out a valuable principle, a real wee atmosphere. The investigations then referred to| The Nutrition of Plants. I 
con h ere stillin progress; and a desirable introduction to | notice of my late paper on the above subject by one 
the fashion, but one fast going om , to say the kais he record of the results would obviously be to illustrate | talented as “Sigma.” I believe, with } 
seen race of tenant farmers ve nae work, a apc sa to direct re a that which had been | of sufficient interest and importance. 
eset Sse mt mch of t mae es then, they | before only assumed regarding ield of nitrogen in | of annette Lie 
Mer or their nters and four- our different crops. To this oe had been determined | substances are 
mp -themselves ! Dn pien yn thať the annual produce of nitroge acre in the case of | that these mattersform the means by which the car 
= Porm se of -1000 acres, og owner of steam | various crops, which were poke ively grown for many | received from humus in of their 
stock, BS lange capital invested in live and dead Pret coneecat ely on ee wert ose viz. jabra í 
< 350 cores, gal with ‘yn Puente ht UIEN | suani rocks which contain alkalies 
the f ae ont of four, Bean ise pay | carbonic acid decomposes ro f 
this door thro mk Tiqui ‘a harrow, row, Splashin ea rset Ts ie imre ri arid the alkaline carbonates. 
; liquid and ein been estima It is evi 
essazen beasts stood up So thease bere one grade | without manure of an: Win, and for that with ly |acid during their , and 
below the igence Ne ime, who were man grades | mineral manure, are, that a leens" “ee Arm repes ro | which e a 
Soni stolidest of our presen urers t was the object te pealaest . 
— “nel bs Sy Termet, the modern® sb pase oa: A summary view 7 view of some of the facts thus | rocks. Next to the action aap water, a ney 4 
d characte Si it. perature, plants thems Bail 3 
ote art Ean yan the prese verne larong o d Clover T shown to yield several times ars in ng the Gidntegration of rocks ;” and in 
far above what the wt $s wank ‘as much nitr acre ip or Barley. ‘Yet | his late rties € 
va iink it o ih o the ve minous crops, carrying off so | he intimates that probably the organic ex mA ants 
houses in which squires of eee i oot ach nit F dia, w pr pirga pir pio h. p E v ron jas sa pongo t y by the 
wal wont “he yc wth of Wheat: whilst 
Plexed by their conveniences, to put to ive een = =| preparations for ve growth of was the accumulation ay he says, “In a marsh there gradually collects 
