p 1858.] THE AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. 887 
jad no danger, and went on, satisti iron-ore, and casting cauldrons and chimney “backs, y t opportunity y of testing the qualities of Rape-cake ; 
aI ntion a the wr marks. They pers cannon and cannon-balls, in the reign of George II. | when dissolved with the ed chaff, ae smell m 
Edge am midst a snow-storm, but the way | In Essex, we see ari influ: ence of the want rae Large ro Mustard or other improper mgly per- 
frightful one. ome the valley they had | There was little t Chel that | ceptible. Tana, panpin apply a as well to mes as to 
nee-deep. Again they had to mount | it was a large e sat own, full = inns, main- | bullocks. Serv 
again to cross a stream and in a journey of | tained i. the multitude of carriers and passengers on |is put into he neni’ very hot they do yo — 
miles they repeated this labour eight times, much | their way to London with droves of- cattle, and w ith to it, but, like ourselves, “just give it tim 
-= discontent. The i i i t 
eatably 
rds ‘acturers. 
York À ble of these supplies for the ca ital by the me Sm or Large Farms.—I should be sorry to see our 
arming sketch of their industry. parts were the droves of turkeys, cr wading the roads | small fra abolished. A landlo oe éry farms of varions 
earer to Halifax the housts were closer | from Ipswich, and making their wa: ey over ‘the heaths | sizes, pwards, is re independent, and 
in every bottom and on every hill-side. After | and commons in almost incredible quantities to the | more secure of tenants = whats all the holdings are 
ill was , the country became one con- | great devourer. From the farthest parts of Norfolk, | large, He has in the former case a larger area to select 
village, sheng ev: ery W ay mountainous ; mae =y and toa the fen countries; droves eA geese, 80 metimes | from, more adapted to the ater demands of — 
p, he eee every house a 1000 or 2 in a drove, were slowly moving on to jA clay farm of 100 acres, well-drained open n fields, and 
almost las a piece | of white “cloth their fate, from the hegi nning of pling feeding on | with a covered y + 400l., and a moderate 
hi pant hill-side had | the stubbles after harvest ; and “ ‘thas they hold on to house worth 3007 would almost always reer z 
es , ane ee iets. Sek apne | ten ont or October, when th g pectable tenant at a ren 1 of 30s. acre. 
the heights there was coal, Afi hort legs t ” | rally speaki g s such farms have no proper Ge veaienite 
of the pase were close at| In the immediate neight i of Cambridge tl for stock ed ae marire 
the women ere carding and og renee, a a n every year, v two | by hedg 
t th acles, in striking each | at 20s, per acre een ‘teak which T hat ce k Be 
he men les, rik contrast to 
va an idle person was a Da The | other. To Panama went William II. in 1695, | per acre, ie pion fnd a tenant disposed a 
of this region, and ef other parts of the t| with his staid court, as Charles II. had gone thither | such an im’ m, because it is terest toh = 
district, was supplied from the East Riding, | with his troops of dissi; Orne 4 But Newmarket | Not s0 with the Sine roved farm. There 
i tti he | was sti f franti i d| work at t how aie selves, content any ‘ane 
k black cattle were prodigiously | wild are The “highest of the land were at | 60-ncre bavi ko ms advantages T nam med —any : 
for the clothiers then bought as many oxen as | Newm arket,—“ so so bus uy, upon poze wagers ned open fel i 
their families for the whole year, salted, | and Wie; that they beach just like so many horse- Touse to cost 150. 
p i x the smoke to dry. One product of| coursers in Smithfield; descend ing from their high Covered yard to oost 
undan! t amongst them—“ the store of dignity and dere b io picki ng one mother’s y poc cots.” | A couple of coppe 
cook the diet chaff for their 
shite moralist, who speaks of eee in no | cattle are iidispeneably ecessary. 
of this country. ” The domestic. s; tl The ews er scene near Cambrie idge was| How to get rid o Twitch, or Couch-grass.— —In our 
i ay este f Yorkshire has a s oe really Soret Fair—the greatest fair in Eng and. | eastern ontis, w vith dry summers, this is an easy task. 
out by the factory system ; but “ehia one horse to t| Thither e to a row of booths called Cheapside | De ep pe frequent, cross- ploughing, and then when the 
pare he = nthe clotifige kept “his o y 80% ‘of rrebailer from London. Here were prodi- | clods re dried. through Ycrosskilling, crab-harrowing, 
home his wool the market gious stl transactions accomplished in wool and and AAN, will exon and dry up every particle 
y his oe ree s guera = manufactur llen goo rought from Lancashire and er magia | of this annoying weed. Ag heavy crop of this weed 
ing mill, and, when finished, to the e and the Western Counties: But ee extensive than | will, when srished, make good food for the wegen | 
sold.” any other traffic was that of Hops. From this fair the cop. With undrained heavy land, numerous 
Th the reign of Anne the quantity of land under} whole country beyond Trent was supplied with Mogi, fields, and pa: i 
dtiration in England and Wales was very little more | grown chiefly in Kent and po in addition to the | to get rid of C meh-grass, Itn urally spreads 
min the reign of ha One soli Inclosure | supply of all the Midland counti It isno — esis |b the dng at Tand, the ploughman pe PA, 
À ft t 
was passed in the reign of Charles IT. were | of the energy which orereaine © every naturi y because it 
Inclosure Acts passed in the reign of Anne. Fi ld | of fi g Il shoot fi very joint, Ou r plan is to watch after 
Ternips were cultivated in King William's time; but nai lk should bet oe h t, Pp fork out and carry off any patch that is 
their caltivation i Fogg time of | from two distant d comm’ in the stubble, and especially near a ditch or fence, 
The cultivation = Clover was advoca to be di oe over the aR ingd ay eN ts | to avoid its extension to the fields. Water furrows, or 
Yaranton before e Revelation: but at the Popular isor of England [by far the peo rable | undrained lands, are productive of maa pest to peor 
m value we a cro} as pisa unde rstood. | wor rk of the kind that Englan bas pee uced, being | ture; i have known as much as 30 rt-loads 
carted from a 40-acre field in “refrdhie a jn 
alternate sy em of sag vr ae wth of | popular in t 
lod 
far too much left behind.. In Lin ire I have seen 
| i oes Mw, making paper ; 
aft -Á 
of the 17th century _But the old system | 
by to half of AGRICULTURAL MEMORANDA. | 
was steadily adhered to. The horse-hoeing:| | How to Farm Pr en with | title Capital.—I | ca patches st th 
ndry of Jethro, Tull was considered only as a | have noticed in my on af shoal be forked up and well ah ide out from the earth, 
experiment which had ruined its ator. | bourhood, gho neyer keeps any live stock, excep ps | and removed entirely from the fie! ‘oeing is of 
eager pe little understood by the im- | couple of co cow. wl bind never boys A beiin ng Tala Twitch, „grass. It 
nd even (e 
wal 
mi 
f 
ent farmer e 1 
n ploughed lands is mentioned as “a new w method of | or two for for bis “He gone weed. Other deep-rooted w. 
ed vement in the breeds of cattle keeps his land clean = fertile ii sien in green | tered by deep cultivation and a well-cleaned crop. 
a pana till the pales: the 2 ey k rop psy ee = ne or a Ale only one fer ‘or Ta e ex- 
n i t verage nett wei t ploughing. w he makes money, often pur--| ence in this matter confirm my vourab 
t i |p S land. and if it is out of order, his first crop is PP its wiley and profit. On a poor, prot mo 
in an roducing i ê é 
800 Ibs. The sheep of 1710 T. 
ghed 28 Ibs. The sheep of 1800 weighed 80 Ibs. bs, | whe at or Mustard, also in t is sur- | necessity. In my case, m ; 
0 lternat ither t prising how soon this- system destroys all the weeds, | straw, I compelled to limit my. sparred-floor 
=p could be supported through the vere = Pad leaves the land clean and fertile. If when he first rag For a geari it has ph raig me eend by far 
quately fattened at any time, except in w. meadows | takes the land it is much exhausted, he then does) the most san 
marshes. P cigs a little on to start the first green | at be your wiper w ty rae i ways ye get a Stes ion of 
The comparatively large population of London and | crop. By this system his expenditure is around them. In hot weather it is tees case 
Westmi aes beginning of the = ee had to rent, rates, tithes, and taxes, Beg 5 labour, a to the w ell-doin ng Ën of . For sheep, 
a mani 
int upon the during winter, it is 
pma emn: —_ Mi ind a and Eas 
i Be fi 
fiets. A large quantity of soomnad of cat they hav y, rabbits, &c. 
‘eoassmption of ‘the genta “ity, and st corn ry little shelter or bilding. i thrive kN upon oors. For using with irri- 
was withi e districts most conve- |is far heaper than “the long-fallow syste n ps En the manure below the floors is especially 
carriage. In 1696, it was estimated pak sows strong gro’ ps, which will | a ia, ; 
King that the annual growth of Wheat, pute | gener = overcome the ncn It abe. the opa Local Customs should not be despi ised. —Climate and 
4 ', Rye, and Beans in the whole kingdom amounted | some kno wing hands th that this farmer zet | soil are very various, and influence the cropping an 
pe 10,000,000 quarters, of which growth Wheat was | better adopt th xe a nagement. Amongst, the hills in Cumberland and 
pad one fifth. The greater tion of the Wheat | ar: y systems. weakest part pe stem “and rs | Westmoreland Turnips in Au will be up to one’s 
Went to ae towns. The rural population lived | to ea in the disposal of f the straw. oa ETA nd | knee, and Grass lo ong and luxuriant ; whilst in Essex 
Sy Rye and Barley bread, and Oat cake. | that he has much difficulty in getting down | the young Turnip is ay visible or much eaten by 
Eastern counties of Essex, Suffolk, and Norfolk, | or rotted. It would certainly pay hita yes Sever to|the fly; the F repi and drab-coloured. The 
“and the counties of Kent, Hampshire, and Sussex ha m it as straw-chaff with a li a. aig ae d for a | latter is a Cereal district, and gn may leave your corn 
Rady water munication. with London om the | few bullocks, or for his horses, so omise his | on the swathe with impunity, making PE ‘our stacks very 
Thames below bridge, Surrey, Berkshire, Bucking- | hay and im ve his in | Sonaily, if his | large. No such liberties must be en in the former 
 bamshire, urrey, yor y pro’ À ; 1 halt-fall į 
the and Oxfordshire, had the same facilities b y | horses are not otherwise wani w | case. Pats who are transported to opposite climes 
the Thames above bridge. We may trace the in oe after his Tares before he so ws Mustard or Rape. He aa sen s to ci ces and alter their 
mance necessary to keep up the land and water | system of paist were generally adop re kasat will inevitably fail, as I have 
mmication with the capital, displaying itself in| not be much meat or manure roduced. It api to frequ: ently An Irishman or Scotchman 
i y n 
districts somewhat remote from the seaports a nd main me only, jus se eT aiteal questu in |w mat pive mp hia hopen oF grent green an Tera SEs 
PA Tho didioa! 
for 
ant 
ious and ¢ costly; sars siponi roe qena iculture is is how. to get the best return your 
‘ended yt to ti ery | agri iee | i ber. They can 
y the price of grain aan eae z meat. to the | straw, your root, and your r green crops. pg pest 08 would ts led in y is 
gradually resolved iteelf into art of | has conch of the: straw whilst the root and : 
Abe 1 amt prie ni p Ri nas. This cannot be e par ge ae t steami | not so'in humid and westerg districts, A 
oy teed for sn he farmers of or ling ay age a | Pigs pay better than Sheep or ough Taal 
meal to ater goon sent | an wi iiaa aasit Ay well illustrated by | of „in meal, which shi VENI ing, 
we.meal to London by sea, This trade was increased | Mr Horsfall, and given animal. P Ti ee Tb, about 27 
and oe ble from Guildford | dry-straw chaff is given, the nina tls wil not consume | The cosi ee and i a ; 
to the Thames, By this navigation of the enough, “put linger after the roots. When the man rh oa ‘al te TT oo tat ke g ia 
iand carriage, for a dis- | chaff is steamed à with about 3 a il Cooma ¿4 me rotura in for a sie parpose » the 
bs, and ł Ib. of bra hemselves same. 
w, The deman i i tively indi passe about roots. | a relation hog will be s 
London was more n sous ie cain ge Son of hs © eorveal, for where steam oa wer is used, | The Phe offal from a sheep will be 45 per cent. 
~ ich were still Iting | t} steam. circulating amon, ange voip under the Foon a bollock somewhat less. A fat hog will put on from 
* Defoe, “Tour,” vol. i. p: 283. ms pent will keep the toon hot. This gives a good ; 6s. 5s. to 8s. per week. A sheep seldom increases 1s. per weeks 
