APPENDIX C. MINERALOGY. 137 



Still another variety of copper ore is ticketed "June 3, Gypsum 

 Bluff." It consists of numerous small fragments of a friable fine-grained 

 white sandstone, much mixed up with a pulverulent malachite, and 

 occasionally presenting specks of black oxide of copper. Taken as a 

 whole, I should judge that it might be a 5 per cent. ore. 



Another variety still of copper ore, some stones, labelled "May 16, 

 first day from Cache creek." They consist of a calcareous amygdaloid, 

 through which are interspersed black oxide of copper and stains of mala- 

 chite. Its value for metal would not exceed that of the variety last 

 mentioned. 



"May 17" refers to a compact grayish white limestone, much mottled 

 with red. It contains druses of calcite, fibres of mesotype, and stains 

 of black oxide of copper. It belongs, like the last, to the trappean 

 family of minerals. 



2. MANGANESE ORE. 



"Copper creek, third day from Cache creek." An impure ore. 

 When treated with warm hydrochloric acid, it evolves chlorine gas. It 

 contains much silica, and some peroxide of iron, with 15.Y5 per cent, of 

 water and about 10 per cent, binoxide of manganese. The specimen is 

 imperfectly foliated, and, in places, is columnar. It is porous, and of a 

 black color, resembling black oxide of copper. It was tested both for 

 copper and cobalt, without detecting either. 



3. IRON AND TITANIAN_ SANDS. 



"July 18, Cache creek, foot of cliff." This is a heavy, rather coarse 

 black sand; more than half of which consists of magnetic iron, the 

 remainder being titaniferous iron. It is remarkable for its purity in 

 these two minerals, the most careful search not resulting in the discovery 

 of other minerals mingled with it, if we except a few grains of quartz 

 labradorite and epidote. An ineffectual examination of it was. had for 

 tin and gold. Another specimen, collected July 16, was tested with a 

 similar result. 



4. OTHER MINERALS. 



"May 31." Labradorite in numerous specimens. Its color is a dark 

 pearl-blue, or gray ; it does not fire the iridescent reflexions. From the 



