APPENDIX F. FISHES. 221 



and five rows on the tail. The lateral line, which contains about thirty- 

 six scales, runs below the middle of the flanks. Dorsal, caudal, anal, 

 and ventral fins, well developed. 



Stn. — Leuciscus bubalinus, B. & Gr. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. 

 VI, 1853, 391. 



Description. — The body much compressed, and rather short in ap- 

 pearance. Back considerably arched in advance of the dorsal, behind 

 which the body tapers quite rapidly posteriorly, rendering the peduncle 

 of the tail comparatively slender. The head is about one-fifth of the 

 entire length. Eyes comparatively large and circular ; their diameter 

 contained three times and a half in the length of the head, one diame- 

 ter intervening between the eye and the snout. The nostrils are nearer 

 to the eyes than to the tip of the snout. The jaws are even, (the figure 

 represents the lower one a little too short.) The opercular apparatus is 

 conspicuously developed, especially the opercular, which has the shape 

 of an elongated quadrangle, slightly concave posteriorly, and slightly 

 rounded inferior!} 7 . The isthmus is quite small. 



The anterior margin of the dorsal fin corresponds to the middle of 

 the distance between the snout and the base of the caudal fin. It is 

 angular and higher than long, and composed of eight rays. The anal 

 has the same length as the dorsal, but is not quite as high ; it is composed 

 of nine articulated rays and two minute spines at the anterior margin. 

 The ventrals when bent backwards reach the anterior margin of the 

 anal fin, consequently overlapping the anus situated close to the anal fin. 

 They contain eight jays, all soft or articulated. The pectorals are 

 comparatively small and slender, reaching the insertion of the ventrals 

 when brought backwards. Their posterior margin is rounded; the rays 

 eleven in number. In all the fins the rays are bifurcated, and the mid- 

 dle ones subdivided upon their length. Formula : 



D 8; AIL 9; G 4. 1. 9. 9.1. 3; V 8; P 11. 



The scales are large, higher than long, rounded anteriorly, subtrun- 

 cated posteriorly. The lateral line forms a very open curve, convex 

 downwards, and nearer to the insertion of the ventrals than to the base 

 of dorsal. 



The ground-color is grayish; the hue is not preserved on the specimen. 



Caught, like the preceding, in Otter creek, Arkansas. 



Fig. 5 represents Leuciscus bubalinus the size of life, and apparently 

 quite mature. 



Fig. 6. A dorsal scale. 



Fig. 1. Scale from the lateral line. 



