lO 



ON Tin; MTOLOGT OF THE TONGUE OF PARROTS. 



Leading Rkfkkjcnces alluded to ix the Text. 



(i) C. GiEiiKi.. — Die Zunge dcr Vcigol und ihr Geriist mitgctheilt. Zeit. I'iir Naturwiss. vul. xi. 

 1858, p. 19. 



(2) Ciiii. NiTZSCH. — Ziir Aiiatoiuic der Papageieu, iiach Chr. Nitzsch's Untersuchungen mitgctheilt 



vom C. Giebel. Zcit. fur Naturwiss. vol. xix. 1862, p. 133. 



(3) B. W. Shufeldt. — Osteology of Coaurus caro/lnensis. Jouru. Anat. & Pliys. vol. xx.. I880, 



p. 407. 



(4) H. Gadow. — Bronn's Klass. und Ordnung. d. Thier-Reichs. ""Vogel," 1891, i. Anat. Theil. 

 (4') H. Gadow.— Bronn's Klass. und Ordnung. d, Thier-Reichs. " Vogel," 1893, ii. System. Theil. 



(5) Beddard and Parsoxs. — On certain Points in the Anatomy of Parrots bearing on their Classi- 



fication. P. Z. S. 1893. 



(6) St. George Mivart. — On the Hyoid Bone of certain Parrots. P. Z. S. 1895. 



(7) St. George Mivart. — On the Hyoid Bone o{ Nestor and Lathamus. P. Z. S. 1896. 



(8) P. Chalmers Mitchell. — A Contribution to the Anatomy of the Hoatzin. P. Z. S. 1896. 



(9) R. W. Shufeldt. — The Myologj-^ of the Raven. London and New York, 1890. 



(10) Beddard and Chalmers Mitchell. — On the Anatomy of Pal.amedea cornuta. P. Z. S. 1894, 



p. 536. 



(11) T. Salvadori. — Catalogue of Parrots in the Collection of the British Museum (Cat. Birds, 



vol. XX.). 1891. 

 {12) F. E. Beddard. — The Structure aud Classification of Birds. London, New York, and 

 Bombay, 1898. 



INDEX TO LETTERING ON PLATES. 



ce. 



cg.i'. 



cg.i^ 



= point of origin of cg.i'. from eg.i.a. 

 = ceratoglossus inferior anticue accessorius. 

 = ,, „ ,, „ secundus. 



= part of cg.i.p. becoming or tliat has become separated 

 from tbe parent muscle, 

 eg.i.a. = ceratoglossus inferior anticus. 

 eg.i.a'. = inner portion of eg.i.a. 



eg.i.a". = tbe part of eg.i.a. tbat arises from the urohyal. 

 cg.i.p. = ceratoglossus inferior posticus. 



cg.i.p'. = the posterior extension of eg.i.a. that forms the rudi- 

 ment of cg.i.p. 

 ce.l. = ceratoglossus lateralis. 

 cg.s. = „ superior. 



cE.ss. = „ sub-superior, 



eg.s.a. = ,, superior accessorius. 



ch. = ceratohyoideus. 

 c.t. = connective tissue, 

 f. = persistent fascia of the retrogressed portion of the 



anterior division of the anterior mylohyoideus. 

 f.p. = persistent fa.scia of the retrogressed portion of the 



posterior division of the anterior mjlohj'oideus. 

 gg. = insertion of genioglossus. 

 gb.a. = anterior geniohyoideus. 



gh.a'.&gb.a^. = anterior and posterior divisions of gb.a. 

 gh.p, = posterior geniohyoideus. 

 iig.o. = bypoglossus obliquus. 

 hg.r. = „ rectus, 



ins. = insertion of outer extremity of anterior division of 



serpibyoideus. 

 Bi. = membrane of tongue, 

 mb.a. & mb.a'. = anterior and posterior divisions respectively 



of anterior nij-lohyoideus. 

 lug. & mg'. = mesoglossus or tissue occupying place of meso- 

 glossus respectively. 



se.h. = serpibyoideus. 



se.h.a. = anterior division of serpibyoideus. 



se.h. p. = posterior ,, „ 



se.b., st.h. = common origin of serpibyoideus and stylo- 



hyoideus. 

 s.h. — sternobyoideus. 

 st.h. = stylohyoideus. 



ten. = tendon joining the mesoglossus and superior cerato- 

 glossus. 

 tg. = tongue, 

 tb.h. = tbyrobyoideus. 

 th.b.a. = „ accessorius. 



th.b.a.t. = „ „ transversalis. 



tb.g. = tbyroglossus. 

 tb.g'. = tbat part of th3'roglo3sus which has withdrawn from 



its origin at the paraliyal process, 

 u.ten. = uro-bj'pobranchial tendon. 



a = ceratoglossus inferior posticus ventralis. 



j8 = I, 1. ,, dorsalis. 



y •= „ „ ,, medius. 



AD'. = anterior end of antero-posterior ridge of basibyal. 

 A.L.P.— anterior lateral process of entoglossuin. 

 BH. = basibyal. 

 CB. = ceratobranchial. 

 EN. = entoglossura. 

 HB. = bypobrancbial. 

 P. A. = parabyal arch. 

 P.P. = ,, process. 



N. = nodule (sometimes bony, but usually cirtilaginous) 

 articulating with tiie ventral siu-l'ace of urubyal at 

 its root. 

 UR. = urobyal. 



T. = trachea. 



