ANATOMY OF THE ANTHEOPOID APES. 181 



sidered ^ to belong to the same species as a Chimpanzee (" Mafuca ") living in the 

 Dresden Zoological Gardens in 1876, has a black face, a more pronounced prognathism, 

 and a more massive form than the ordinary Chimpanzee ; the hair is black with a red 

 reflection. In all these characters, except the last, it agrees with the Chimpanzee 

 dissected by myself. 1 did not observe any reddish tinge in the hair of " Sally ; " 

 indeed the entirely black hair of this animal is one of the most marked differences 

 from the Troglodytes niger. As to the prognathism, I have gone into the matter more 

 fully below in describing the skull. On p. .35 of their memoir, MM. Gratiolet and 

 Alix describe in detail the pigmentation of the skin, which is not uniformly black. The 

 external characters mentioned above, of which a necessarily incomplete account is 

 given, hardly permit of a definite opinion as to the specific distinctions of T. aubryi or 

 its identity with T. calvus. Later in this paper (p. 183) 1 point out that the skull- 

 characters, at any rate, are not those of T. calvus. The Chimpanzee called " Mafuca " 

 was examined after its death by Dr. A. B. Meyer i and by Dr. Bischofi"^. The 

 coloured sketch of the face shows no resemblances to T. calvus ; the skin is yellowish 

 brown, except on the nose and round the eyes, and there is no baldness on the top of 

 the head. 



§ 4. The Skull. 



I have carefully compared the skull of " Sally " with a skull of a nearly adult male 

 Chimpanzee which arrived at the Society's Gardens on the same day, and died 

 29th October, 1883. This individual was slightly larger and had all its permanent teeth ; 

 the canines, however, had evidently only jiist cut the gums. The teeth of " Sally " are 

 in the following condition ^ : — In the upper jaw the permanent incisors and bicuspids 

 are present; the first molar is the only one of the molar series which is in place. The 

 canines are a long way from their definitive position ; the point of the tooth is fully half 

 an inch from the rim of the socket ; the extremity of the root of the tooth is barely 

 half an inch from the rim of the orbit. Those teeth, which are not covered by bone, 

 look as if they had been artificially inserted into excavations of the maxilla, and are very 

 prominent and afiect the contour of the face. ' The milk-canines are the only repre- 

 sentatives of the milk-teeth which have not been replaced. The condition of the 

 teeth, were their possessor a human being, would suggest the age to be between ten 

 and eleven years. The brain-caps of both apes belonging to the prosector's stores had 

 been removed for the purpose of extracting the brain ; this showed the greater density 

 as Avell as the greater thickness in front of the bones of T. calvus. 



In a preliminary account of Troglodytes auhryi communicated by M. Gratiolet to the 



^ " Notizen iiber die Anthropomorphen Affen des Dresdener Museum," Mitth. Mus. Dresd. Heft ii. p. 223 (1877). 

 ^ See a paper immediately following that of which the title has just been quoted. 



^ Many of them are diseased and defective, but I think that the above account is complete ; I made 

 certain that the bicuspids are the permanent teeth by cutting into the jaw. 



