ANATOMY or THE ANTHROPOID APES. 213 



is in common with the last muscle ; it becomes free from the semimemhranosus three 

 quarters of an inch from the biceps and one inch and a half from the commencement 

 of the common origin. The muscle is entirely fleshy until an inch and a half before 

 its insertion by tendon ; this tendinous insertion is thin and flat, and becomes consider- 

 ably wider at the actual connection of its fibres with the bone ; the insertion is higher 

 up the leg than that of the gracilis, but is situated to the inside of it. 



(12) Sartorius. — This muscle is exceedingly slender; it arises from the anterior end 

 of the ilium, and passes obliquely over the thigh to be inserted by a broad flat tendon 

 on to the tibia above insertions of the gracilis and semitendinosus. 



(13) Rectus femoris. — The origin of this muscle is entirely tendinous below, and half 

 tendinous, half muscular above ; it arises from the ilium just in front of the glenoid 

 cavity, and from the fascia covering itself and the vastus externus ; towards its insertion 

 it becomes glistening on the under surface ; the insertion is by a flat short tendon on 

 to the patella in common with a part of the tendon of the conjoined vasti. 



(14) Vastus. — I cannot separate the vastus externus from the internus, or either of 

 them from the crnrmus ; they all form together one muscle, which arises from a large 

 portion of the surface of the femur below the head, and by a tendon from the outer side 

 of the head continuous with the insertion of the glutoeus minimus. The conjoined 

 muscle is inserted by a wide tendon partly on to the patella and partly on to the 

 ligaments of the knee-cap. 



(15) Gracilis. — This muscle arises from the symphysis pubis by an origin measuring 

 nearly an inch and a half in length, and lying superficial to that of all the other 

 muscles arising here ; the muscle becomes gradually narrower towards the tendon of 

 insertion, which measures rather more than an inch in length ; this tendon is at first 

 narrow, but widens out to a diameter of about three quarters of an inch at its actual 

 insertion, which is outside, and for the most part below, that of the semitendinosus. 



(16) Pectineus. — The origin of this muscle is in front of, and in contact with, that of 

 the adductor longus ; its insertion on to the femur is posterior to and above the lesser 

 trochanter, and below, as well as partly posterior to, the insertion of the adductor 

 hrevis. 



(17) Adductor longus. — The origin of this muscle is, as just stated, from the pubis, 

 immediately behind that of the pectineus ; its insertion is on to the linea aspera of 

 the femur, ventrad of the insertion of the adductor magnus ; some of the fibres of the 

 vastus arise from its tendon of insertion. 



(18) Adductor hrevis. — The origin of the adductor hrevis is behind that of the 

 adductor longus, and slightly overlapped by it ; it lies in front of, and is hardly distin- 

 guishable from, that of the adductor magnus ; it is inserted by a very thin and flat 

 tendon between the insertion of the pectineus and the glutoeus maximus ; the length 

 of the insertion is three quarters of an inch ; it commences just below the trochanter. 



(19) Adductor magnus in, of course, much the largest of the three adductors; its 



