54: THE VENOMS OF CERTAIN TH A N A T P H I D E M. 



side were swollen and darkened and enormously infiltrated with blood. See Plate 

 II., Fig. 1. 



These experiments, which have been supplemented by many others, give a some- 

 what definite idea of the marked difference in the local effects of the globulins as 

 a group in comparison with those produced by the boiled solution of venom, or 

 in other words by the venom peptone. 



Experiment. — The water-venom-globulin from 0.03 gram of dried venom of the 

 Crotalus adamanteus, dissolved in a little water by means of a few crystals of salt, 

 was injected into the breast muscles of a pigeon at 3:55. At 5:50 the animal was 

 dead. The region of injection was terribly swollen, blackened, and suffused 

 with liquid blood. (The amount of globulin injected was about 0.003 gram.) 



In a rabbit to which had been given some of the water-venom-globulin intra- 

 venously, enormous extravasations were found when the abdominal cavity was 

 opened. 



In another experiment with the water -venom-globidin obtained from the venom 

 of the Moccasin, the animal lived for some time, and very characteristic effects of 

 slow poisoning from venom globulin Avere observed. 



Experiment. — One c. c. of distilled water containing 0.001 gram of water- 

 venom-globulin from the Moccasin was thrown into the breast muscles of a 

 pigeon at 5:26. At 6:00 the local darkening and swelling of the tissues at the 

 region of injection were noticeable. After twenty-four hours the animal was in a 

 generally fair condition ; the side was considerably darkened, and on the breast was a 

 large swelling, which appeared to be due to a bloody effusion into the subcutaneous 

 tissue. After forty-eight hours there was a discharge of red serum with a putre- 

 factive odor. The whole of the side was darkened and greenish, and had the 

 appearance of commencing gangrene. 



Copper-veyiom-globulin. — Some of the copper-venom-globulin from the venom of 

 the Crotalus adamanteus was injected with a little water into the breast muscles of 

 a pigeon at 4:35. At 5:00 it was weak, but no local effects were apparent. On 

 the following morning it was dead. The local effects were intense; there was 

 considerable swelling, blackening, and diffusion of fluid blood. The heart was 

 arrested midway between systole and diastole, and contained fluid blood of a dark 

 color. 



Dialysis-venom-globulin. — Some of the dialysis-venom-globulin from the venom 

 of the Crotalus adamanteus was injected into the breast muscles of a pigeon at 5:03. 

 At 5:18 was sickish ; 5:19 unsteady, side somewhat swollen and darkened; 5:30 

 local effect increased. Following morning — dead. Local effects intense — great 

 swelling, blackening, and diffusion of blood, which is incoagulable. 



In another experiment, in which a larger quantity was used, the bird died in 

 twenty-five minutes, after the occurrence of stupor, incoordination, deep laborious 

 breathing, and convulsions. There was no time for very decided local effects, but 

 the blood was tarry and incoagulable. 



These experiments, which have been frequently repeated, render it clear that 

 the remarkable local effects produced by the venoms of the Crotalus and Moccasin, 

 and which are not observed after the venom is boiled, are due to the venom 



