138 



THE VENOMS OF CERTAIN THANATOPHIDEJE. 



RAPID POISONING. 



Effects of Venom when Injected ITypodermatkalhj into or Applied otheriuise to the Tissues 



of the Living Animal. 



No. of 



Animal 



Form and quantity 



Time of 



Local lesion. 



Condi- 



Changes in thorax, abdomen, 



Remarks. 



expt. 



used. 



of venom, and 

 where introduced. 



death. 





tion of 

 blood. 



brain, and membranes. 





1 



Pigeon 



Crotalus venom, 



Killed 



Moderately sized, 



Coagu- 



All internal organs congested ; 



This animal was killed 







fresh, j grain in- 



after 5 



dark hemorrha- 



lable 



no other changes visible ; no 



before the full effects of 







jected into pecto- 



minutes 



gic swelling 



and red 



ecchymoses perceptible 



the venom. 







ral muscle 













2 



Pigeon 



Same as last 



Died 



Very dark colored 



Less co- 



Organs only moderately con- 



For the details and the his- 









in 15 



hemorrhagic 



agulable 



gested, but there were nu- 



tological appearances, see 









minutes 



swelling 



and 

 quite 

 dark 



merous small subpleural, 

 subperitoneal, and slight 

 subpericardial ecchymoses 



the next chapter. The 

 studies of the changes 

 in muscular tissue were 

 mostly made from this 

 experiment. 



3 



Pigeon 



Moccasin venom, 



Died 



Profuse hemor- 



Liquid 



Ecchymoses in nearly all or- 









fresh, 1 drop in- 



after 1 



rhage all over 



very 



gans, quite marked in arach- 









jected into peri- 



hour 



peritoneal 



dark 



noid and at base of brain ; 









toneum 



and 50 

 minutes 



cavity 





some so small as to be visi- 

 ble only by microscope. Ex- 

 treme congestion 





4 



Pigeon 



Crotalus venom, 



Died 



Same as last 



Liquid 



Hemorrhages only subperito- 









fresh, 1 drop into 



in 25 





dark 



neal, other organs merely 









peritoneum 



minutes 







congested 





5 



Rabbit 



Moccasin venom, 



9 



Subperitoneal 



Coagu- 



No changes beyond local 









injected into peri- 



minutes 



hemorrhages 



lable on 



lesion 









toneum 







exposure 







6 



Pigeon 



Peptone, injected 



35 



Hemorrhagic 



Liquid 



No visible changes, except all 



Changes in muscular tis- 







into pectoral 



minutes 



swelling 





organs congested 



sue similar to those pro- 







muscle 











duced by fresh venom, 

 but far less blood effused. 



7 



Pigeon 



Moccasin venom, 



5 



Hemorrhages in 



Sligbtly 



Membranes of brain and brain 









fresh, injected 



minutes 



arachnoid and 



coagu- 



substance peripherally soak- 









into cavity" of 





brain tissue 



lable 



ed with blood ; other organs 









skull 









congested 





8 



Rabbit 



Moccasin venom, 



1 



Lung infarcted 



Same as 



No changes, except in lung 



See specimen and descrip- 







fresh, £ grain in- 



minute 



by blood 



last 



and some subpericardial ec- 



tion in chapter on histo- 







jected into lung 









chymoses 



logical changes. 



9 



Rabbit 



Peptone, £ grain 



43 



Ecchymosis 



Liquid 



Other organs not visibly 









into liver and 



minutes 



locally only 



dark 



affected 









peritoneum 













10 



Rabbit 



Same as last 



Killed at 

 the end 

 of 1 hour 



Slight subperito- 

 neal ecchymoses 



Dark, 



but co- 

 agulable 



No systemic changes. 





11 



Pigeon 



Peptone, 1 grain 



20 



Local ecchymoses 



Ditto 



[ No notable changes in other 



'Histological changes 







into peritoneum 



min utes 



slight 





similar to those pro- 



12 



Pigeon 



Globulin, £ grain 



40 



The same as last 



Ditto 



| organs 



duced by fresh 







into peritoneum 



minutes 







J 



venom. 



13 



Cat 



Crotalus globulin, 



40 



Profuse ecchy- 



Slightly 



Hemorrhage only local 









J grain into peri- 



minutes 



mosis 



coagu- 











toneum 







lable 







14 



Cat 



Crotalus peptone, 



1 hour 



Same as last, but 



Liquid 



Hemorrhage only local, also 



Microscopic examination 







J grain into peri- 



and 20 



less marked 





extreme congestion of all 



[■ made of every organ. 







toneum 



minutes 







organs 



The details will be 



15 



Rabbit 



Crotalus globulin, 



Killed 



Same as last 



Red and 



Nothing peculiar beyond the 



given hereafter. 







J grain into peri- 



in 10 





coagu- 



local lesion 









toneum 



minutes 





lable 





_ 



16 



Rabbit 



Dry Crotalus 

 venom, J grain in 

 watery solution, 

 into peritoneum 



Killed 



in 10 



minutes 



Same as last 



Same as 

 last 



Same as last 





17 



Rabbit 



Dry Crotalus I 



Died 



Same as last 



Very 



Ecchymoses in all organs ex- 



Some of the ecchymoses 







venom, £ grain in 



1 hour 





dark, 



amined. Profuse ecchymo- 



were so small as to be 







watery solution, 



and 25 





liquid 



ses in peritoneum, also sub- 



visible only on micro- 







into peritoneum 



minutes 







pleural, subarachnoid, and 

 subpericardial. Liver, which 

 was injured by the syringe, 

 showed a large hemorrhagic 

 infarction 



scopical examination. 



