GENEALOGY. 61 



of its first member, Cal. Haneri, appears to indicate such a line of descent, though 

 of course this can only be considered a suggestion derived from Wahner's figures. 

 Cal. perspiratus and supraspiratus are more or less decidedly channelled, and the 

 last inherits well defined keel and channels at an earlier stage than in Cal. Core- 

 gonense. Cal. ophioides is a very curious species, with an early development of the 

 keel and channels in some varieties, and a very late appearance of these in 

 other varieties, as shown by Wahner. This subseries appears in Central Europe 

 in a few keeled and channelled forms. 1 



The third subseries includes also Cal. laticarinatum, a varietal modification of 

 Cal. proaries according to Wahner, and this leads into several shells with much 

 depressed and very stout whorls, such as Cal. salinarium, centaur oicles, and Grunoui. 

 We consider laticarinatum as separable from proaries, because of the earlier or 

 accelerated development of the keel, and the broad and depressed abdomen. 



There is also a subseries including only the curious Cal. Sebanum described by 

 Neumayr, which appears to be a form of Caloceras, possibly somewhat similar to 

 the equally remarkable Cal. laqueoides of Wiirtemburg. 



This enumeration shows that the species of the Northeastern Alps, if arranged 

 in natural order, would probably form a greater number of subseries in that 

 province than in Central Europe, though for convenience' sake we have here 

 placed them in the same number of subseries. 



Vermiceran Series. 



The young of Vermiceras spiratissimum, 2, before the quadragonal form is fully 

 developed, has a stage in which it approximates both in size and characteristics 

 so closely to some varieties of Cal. laqueum that separation is not natural. The 

 comparison of Fig. 17 and 18, Plate I., with Fig. 23, Summary Plate XL, shows 

 the tendency of this species to the production of varieties with channels like those 

 of Conybeari. The transition from spiratissimum to Conybeari has been recognized 

 by many paleontologists ; in fact it is not possible to separate these species, 

 though the extreme forms of Conybeari have much stouter young, and usually 

 develop the channels and keel at a much earlier age. 



Ver. Conybeari has the usual broad varieties, with late development of keel 

 and channels, as in Sckloenbachi and the like, and also a form which acquires tuber- 

 cles, the Bonnardi form of D'Orbigny, and loses them again either in the adult or 

 during the first stage of senility. From this form the transition to ophioides, 

 D'Orb., 3 which has the adult Conybeari form at a very early age, and also faint 

 tubercles, is natural and easy. 



The old age metamorphoses of Ver. spiratissimum and Conybeari are quite dis- 

 tinct from those of Caloceras. The sides showed an increasing tendency to con- 

 verge, the abdomen became narrower, the pila? obsolescent, and the genicula3 

 disappeared. In very large specimens this tendency finally obliterated all traces 



i Summ. PI. xi. fig. 14-16. 2 PI. i. fig- 17; Sumni. PI. si. fig. 23. 



» PI. i. fig. 2 I; Summ. PI. xi. fig. 25. 



