FAUNA OF THE PROVINCE OF THE MEDITERRANEAN. 109 



The mixed faunas of the Adneth and Hierlatz beds, and of the gray lias 

 limestones and Fleckenmergel, have been described by Giimbel, 1 by Dionys 

 Stur, s and by Geyer, 3 with very interesting remarks upon the similar faunas 

 elsewhere. The first author regards the faunas of the Adneth and Hierlatz 

 limestones as having species representing not only the various faunas of the 

 Lower Lias, but also the faunas of the Middle and even Upper Lias. Oppel con- 

 sidered the Hierlatz beds as the equivalent of the Obtusus, Oxynotus, and Rari- 

 costatus beds. 4 Geyer, who has examined this locality in detail, thinks, if it is 

 compared with any single fauna, that we should have to select that of the Oxy- 

 notus bed. He however calls attention to the occurrence of Ast. obtusum and 

 Gal. raricostahim in the same horizon, thus demonstrating the mixed character of 

 the fauna. Stur regards it as possible that the different beds of the Lower 

 Lias may, by further investigation, be defined in the Adneth and Hierlatz beds. 

 This conclusion, however, rests upon theoretical considerations, and not upon 

 actual observations, and this author observes, " dass in den Alpen einzelne arten 

 der Lias fauna hoher oder tiefer hinauf und herabreichen als in den ausser- 

 alpinischen Schichten beobachtet wurde, . . . und . . . wahrend der Liaszeit 

 innerhalb der Alpengebiets eine weniger streng geschiedene und minder man- 

 nichfaltige Gliederung wirklich vorhanden ist." 5 



Both Stur and Gumbel distinguish only three faunas in the Lower Lias of 

 the Kammerkahr Alps : 1. A yellowish limestone with a species similar to 

 Johnstoni. 2. An intensely red limestone with Amm. spiratissimus of Hauer, Li- 

 asicas of Hauer, Haueri, Kridion, Ceras, Bodleyi, Hicrlatzicus, Grunowi, bisnkatus, oxy- 

 notus, euceras, Gharmassei, acutiangidatus, Doetzkirchncri, Hermanni, Kammerkahr ensis, 

 Parlschi, cijlindricus, Lipoldi, Foetterli, Petcrsi, but in which, however, a true 

 Bucklandi bed was not distinguishable according to Gumbel. 3. Above this, 

 thinner layers with Amm. raricostatus, zitlms, densinodus, and a form similar 

 to stellaris. Gumbel states that the Adneth or dark red limestones, the Hier- 

 latz, and the gray limestones of Gastatter Grabens are equivalent to one 

 another, and that each contains a mixture of species from Lower, Middle, and 

 Upper Lias. 



Suess and Mojsisovics 6 distinguish a Planorbis, an Angulatus, a Bucklandi, 

 a Tuberculatus, and an Obtusus bed in the Osterhornes mountains, but 

 consider the Angulatus bed as the equivalent of the Enzesfeld limestones, 

 and the Obtusus bed as the equivalent of the Adneth limestones. The fauna 

 found by them did not, however, so far as published, appear to justify this 

 conclusion. 



Wahner 7 gives a clear statement of the facts in his " Heteropischen Differ- 

 enzirung des alpinen Lias." He quotes Stur 8 as having distinguished two beds at 

 Enzesfeld, the yellow limestones of the Angulatus zone underlying the true red 

 limestones of the Adneth or Rotiformis horizon. The various localities of the 



1 Geogn. Beschreib. d. bayer. Alpen, pp. 428-432. 2 Geol. d. Steirmark. 



3 Ceph. Hierlatz-Schichten. 4 Neues Jahrb. 1862, p. 60. 



6 Geol. d. Steirmavk, p. 433. 6 Op. cil., p. 195. 



7 Verhandl. k. k. geol. Reichsans., p. 168. 



8 See Stur, Lias Hirt. u. Enzesf. Jahrb. geol. Reichs., 1851, pt. 3, pp. 19, 24. 



