SUMMARY. 115 



The prevalence of the geratologous forms of the different series in the highest 

 beds of the Lower Lias indicates that this fanna, like those of the Swiss and 

 Rhone basins, is also a residual fauna, but lying north instead of south of the 

 zone of the autochthones. The only definite information with regard to the Lias 

 faunas of the higher northern latitudes, which I have been able to lay hands on, is 

 the "I Sueriges Aldre Mesozoische Bildungen," by B. Lundgren. 1 Cor. Buchlandi 

 and himlcatum are mentioned, and Cor. Sauzeanum, 2 Agas. Scijriomaiumi, 3 Agas. stri- 

 aries? and Am. fakaries are figured. 5 These indicate the presence of the Buck- 

 landi beds in northwestern Sweden, but the fossils were in bad condition and not 

 abundant in the number of species. Lundgren mentions, also, that these beds are 

 underlaid by an unfossiliferous bed, which he thinks is probably the equivalent of 

 the Planorbis and Angulatus beds of Central Europe. M. Hebert has, in his inter- 

 esting paper, " L'Age des Gres a Combustible d'Helsinborg et d'Hoganas," 6 given 

 proofs of the presence of the existence of the Planorbis and Angulatus beds in 

 southern Sweden, but they contain no specimens of Ammonitinoe. 



It is well known that the Lias does not exist in Central Russia, and A. Pav- 

 low, in his article on " Russie, Esquisse G.'ologique," 7 gives an account of the 

 deposits of the Jurassic, but mentions the Lias as occurring only in the Crimea 

 and perhaps the Caucasus, and refers these to the fauna of the Mediterranean 

 province, and not to Central Europe. Savi E. G. Meneghini, " Geologia della 

 Toscana," gives several lists of fossils from many distinct localities, among which 

 are a number of the Arietidae. Von Rath 8 quotes a list of fossils from Mene- 

 ghini containing many Arietidse, and he states that there are a number of new 

 forms; but lists of names and descriptions of species are unfortunately not 

 usually of value in such work as we are striving to do. Taramelli, in his mono- 

 graph, " Del Lias nelle Provincie Venete," 9 describes and figures several species 

 of Ammonitinse. His Amm. Guibalianns is a true Oxyn. Gvibali of considerable size, 

 300 mm. in diameter, and too involute for a specimen of Grcenovghi. Arietites 

 rotiformis is a young form of Cor. Gmuendense, or some such compressed shell ; it 

 is assuredly not rotiformis if his figure is correct. Ar. obinsus is a true obtusum. 

 Ar. stellaris is the adolescent form of Ast. siellare. All of these have the facies of 

 the Northeastern Alps, except perhaps Gidbali, which is new to us as occurring in 

 the Mediterranean province. 



Sacco states, in his " Lias della Valle Sturio di Cuneo," 10 that all the beds of 

 the Lower Lias are present, and gives lists of fossils, including a supposed Psil. 

 planorbe, several species of Schlotheimia, Ver. Conybeari, and a doubtful Cor. kridion, 

 and Cor. Buchlandi and bisidcalum are said to be of good size and abundant near 

 Pouriac. In " Lias Inferiore ad Arieti," by C. de Stefani, it is distinctly stated, 

 according to Geyer, that the Lower Lias of Italy is divisible into only two parts ; 

 one which is similar to the Angulatus horizon, and yet contains the fauna of 



1 Sueriges Geologiska Undersokning, ch. xlvii., Mollusk. 2 PI. ii. fig. 5-7. 



3 PI. iii. 4 PI. ii. fig. 9. 5 PI. ii. fig. 8. 



6 Ann. Sci. Geo!., I., 1869. » Annu. Geol. Universel, II., 1886, p. 302. 



s " Geogn.-mineralo. Fragra. a. Italien," Zeitsch. deutsch. geol. Gesellsch., XX., 1868, p. 320. 

 9 Atti delP Instituto Veneto, ser. 5, V., 18S0, Appendix. 

 10 Boll, del R. Comitato Geol. d' Italia, XVII., 1886, p. 15. 



