246 SPOROZOA. 



Culex (subsequently determined as C. fatigans Wied.), the 

 insects being fed on the blood of infected crows, larks, and 

 sparrows, and found similar pigmented cells. In July of the 

 same year Manson reported to the British Medical Association 

 at Edinburgh further observations on behalf of Ross, which 

 showed that the encapsulated parasites, on reaching a certain 

 size, ruptured and emptied their contents into the coelome, 

 and these minute spindle-shaped bodies subsequently accumu- 

 lated in the saHvary gland of the insect, thus making it capable 

 of transmitting the infection to healthy birds. 



In October 1898 Grassi suspected three species of CuHcidae 

 as being carriers of malarial infection, as they were confined 

 in their geographical distribution to those regions where malaria 

 was prevalent in Italy. It has since been proved that only one 

 of these three, viz.. Anopheles claviger, can serve as a host 

 for human malarial parasites. A month later Grassi reported 

 that Bignami had made an infection experiment with positive 

 results. Bignami, Bastianelli, and Grassi (1898) observed 

 the development of crescentic parasites in Anopheles claviger, 

 and reported that the appearances correspond to those 

 described by Ross for Proteosoma on the fourth day in Culex, 

 and further that they had successfully infected a person 

 with tertian fever by means of infected A. claviger. A few 

 weeks later they followed the development of crescentic 

 parasites in A. claviger to the formation of sporozoites, their 

 escape into the coelome, and their accimiulation in the 

 salivary glands of the insect. Koch (1899) reported the 

 results of the German Malaria Commission and confirmed 

 the development of Proteosoma in Culex as previously described 

 by Ross. Daniels (1899) also reported to the Royal Society 

 that he had been able to confirm Ross's observations with 

 Proteosoma. 



Grassi, Bignami, and BastianelH (1899) observed the 

 development of quartan parasites in A . claviger, and Bastianelli 

 and Bignami (1899) reported further studies upon the develop- 

 ment of tertian parasites in A. claviger, and later extended 

 their studies of development in certain other species of 

 Anopheles. In September 1899 Bastianelh and Bignami gave a 

 detailed description of benign and malignant tertian parasites, 

 and their papers were illustrated by the best coloured plates 

 published till then, illustrating the development. Ziemann 

 (1900) observed the development of the parasites of tropical 

 malaria in two species of Anopheles and of tertian parasites 

 in one species oi Anopheles, and followed the development up to 

 the appearance of sporozoites in the salivary glands of the 

 insects. In September 1900 Manson reported a positive 

 infection experiment with tertian-fed Anopheles imported 

 from Rome, the insects being permitted to bite his son. 

 Luhe (1900) showed the correspondence of the life-cycle of the 



