280 SPOEOZOA. 



" Various other species have been suspected to be carriers 

 of malaria in India, but there is no direct evidence that they 

 play any important part in the transmission of the disease. 



" In Ceylon Carter (1927) considers that A. culicifacies 

 and A. listonii are the chief carriers, whilst the position of 

 A. maculatus is uncertain. The last-named species, although 

 prevalent in certain districts where malaria is severely endemic, 

 is relatively more abundant at somewhat higher elevations 

 (1500 feet and over), where the incidence of the disease is low, 

 Ibut where the factors of temperature and atmospheric humidity 

 are favourable for transmission. Senior White (1920), 

 however, is of opinion that this species is ' the malaria carrier 

 par excellence of the Ceylon hill country,' on epidemiological 

 grounds." 



Christophers (1933) has summarized the available data 

 as follows : — 



"1. Important carriers wherever found : 



A. culicifacies ; A. fiuviatilis ; A. stephensi ; 

 A. sundaicus ; A. minimus. 



"2. Less important, but proved carriers in some areas : — 

 A. varuna ; A. philippinensis . 



" 3. Species that are important carriers in other countries, 

 but of too limited distribution to be important in 

 India : 



A. superpictus ; A. multicolor. 



*' 4. Species that have been found infected in nature or 

 experimentally within or without the area, but which 

 are probably not of importance as carriers : 



a. Found infected in nature in Indian area : 



A. maculatus ; A. maculatus var. willm,ori ; 

 A. fuliginosus ; A. pulcherrimus ; A. maculi- 

 palpis ; A. pallidus ; A. ramsayi ; A. vagus. 



b. Infected experimentally only in Indian area : 



A. theohaldi ; A. suhpictus ; A. turkhudi. 



c. Found infected in nature outside Indian area only : 



A. hyrcanus ; A. harhirostris ; A. karwari ; 

 A. leucosphyrus ; A. sergenti ; A. umbrosus ; 

 A. tassellatus ; A. aconitus ; A. kochi. ■ 



" The extremely common species A. suhpictus and A. vagus 

 appear to have little or no relation to the incidence of 

 malaria." 



Iyengar (1934) found five species of Anopheles, viz., 

 A. jeyporiensis var. candidiensis Koidz, A. varuna Iyengar, 

 A. fiuviatilis James, A. listoni (Liston), and A. culicifacies 

 Giles, infected in nature in Travancore. 



