302 SPOROZOA. 



writers, place all the species in a single genus, Babesia, with, the 

 characters of the family. Yakimoff (1931) retains the generic 

 name Piroplasma and divides the genus into two subgenera, 

 Piroplasma s. str. and Babesiella. Sometimes as many as 

 a dozen or more of these parasites occur together in a mammalian 

 red corpuscle. They produce no pigment, but destroy the 

 corpuscle in which they are contained and set free the haemo- 

 globin, which is then excreted by the kidney of the host. 

 Hence a characteristic symptom of the diseases produced 

 by these parasites, generally termed " piroplasmoses " (or 

 " babesioses "), is a great reduction of the corpuscles and 

 a red coloration of the urine (hsemoglobinuria or " red- water "). 



Genus BABESIA Starcovici, 1893. 

 (JSyn. Piroplasma Patton, 1895.) 



Hiematococcus {non Agardh, 1828), Babes, 1888, p. 692 ; 1890, 



pp. 800, 975 ; 1891, p. 81 ; 1892, p. 359. 

 Babesia, Starcovici, 1893, pp. 1—8. 



Pyrosoma (non Peron, 1804), Smith & Kilborne, 1893, p. 67. 

 Babesia, Kroguis & Van Hellens, 1894, pp. 353-64; San Felice & 



Loi, 1895, pp. 295-6. 

 Apiosoma {non Blanchard, 1885), WandoUeck, 1895, pp. 554-6. 

 Piroplasma, Patton, 1895, p. 498 ; Labbe, 1899, p. 124. 

 Babesia, Labbe, 1899, p. 125. 

 Piroplasma, Laveran, 1901, pp. 385-8 ; Minchin, 1903, pp. 254, 255, 



265, 269, 309. 

 Babesia, Minchin, 1903, p. 269. 

 Piroplasma, Lingard & Jennings, 1904, pp. 161-5 ; Raymond, 1904, 



p. 272 ; Stephens & Christophers, 1904, pp. 332-7 ; Theiler, 



1904, pp. 401-5; 1906 a, pp. 283-92; 1906 6, pp. 292-300; 



1907, pp. 1-18 ; Dreyer, 1910, pp. 37-45 ; Nuttall & Strickland, 



1910, pp. 524-5 ; 1912, pp. 65-96. 

 Babesia, Minchin, 1912, pp. 379-86. 

 Piroplasma, du Toit, 1918, pp. 84-104; Castellani & Chalmers, 



1919, pp. 492-8. 

 Babesia, Wenyon, 1926, pp. 992-1028; Cooper, 1926 a, pp. 314-15; 



Knowles, 1928, pp. 445-57 ; Reichenow, 1929, pp. 1032-40. 

 Piroplasma, Yakimoff, 1931, pp. 372-400. 

 Babesia, Kudo, 1931, p. 289 ; Calkins, 1933, p. 566 ; Reichenow, 



1935, p. 378. 



Intra-corpuscular parasites, without pigment. Pyriform 

 (lancet-shaped), mostly in pairs, ring-shaped or elhptical. 



The genus includes pa,rasites from dogs, cattle, pigs, sheep, 

 horses, rats, mongooses, monkeys, etc., which are transmitted 

 by ticks. 



Remarks. — Species belonging to this genus have been de- 

 scribed in India or Ceylon from dogs, jackals, horses, cattle, 

 goats, mongooses, monkeys, etc. Raymond (1904) was the 

 first to draw attention to the presence of indigenous Piroplasma 

 in Bo vines in India in 1898. Lingard and Jennings (1904) 

 described and figured specimens of Piroplasma from a large 

 number of Indian animals and referred them all to a single 



