322 SPOROZOA. 



the infection from monkey to monkey by the bites of the 

 tick, Dermacentor andersoni. 



Mayer (1925) described another species of the genus in mice, 

 and Donatien and Lestoquard (1934) yet another in cattle. 



Brumpt (1928) recalls in detail the successive creation of 

 the genera Grahamella and Bartonella, and concludes that there 

 is now insufficient cause for maintaining the genus Bartonella, 

 created on the sole characteristic of pathogenicity. He 

 regards Bartonella muris Mayer, 1921, as synonymous with 

 Grahamella muris Carini, 1915, and combines under Grahamellu 

 Brumpt, 1911, all forms described under the genus Bartonella, 

 -which decision is followed here. 



Nietz, Alexander, and du Toit (1933), however, regard the 

 two genera as distinct, and change the name Grahamella to 

 Grahamia, but their paper is not available to the author. 

 Topley and Wilson (1936) also regard them as distinct, and 

 remark that the evidence in favour of Bartonella being a Uving 

 reproducible micro-organism, capable of giving rise under 

 favourable conditions to disease, is now very strong, but 

 considerably less is known about Grahamella, and it would 

 be unwise to assert at the moment that these bodies are 

 definite bacteria. According to them, Grahamella, though 

 resembling Bartonella, are much coarser, and more like 

 ordinary bacteria. With Giemsa's stain they take on a blue 

 rather than a reddish tint. Only occasional red cells are 

 affected. Grahamella appear to be non-pathogenic and are 

 not influenced by splenectomy. They have not so far been 

 cultivated, and though it is probable that they are living 

 ■organisms, the evidence in favour of this is not yet conclusive. 



-268. Grahamella canis (Kikuth). 



Bartonella canis, Kikuth, 1928, p. 1729 ; 1929, pp. 1-7 ; Topley 



& Wilson, 1936, p. 711. 

 ■^Bartonella canis, Ray & Idnani, 1937, p. 371 ; 1938, p. 259. 



Forms in the red blood- corpuscles very pleomorphic, large 

 or small, coccoid or rod-shaped. 



Remarks. — Kikuth (1928) described this form and con- 

 sidered it responsible for causing infectious ansemia of dogs. 

 He was unsuccessful in cultivating the organism on artificial 

 media. Ray and Idnani (1937) have recently recorded the 

 occurrence of this parasite in dogs in India, and beheve it 

 to be the cause of one of the types of obscure canine fever. 

 Appearance of the parasite in the blood was marked by 

 a distinct thermal reaction associated with a number of 

 pathological changes. Kikuth (1927) and others have stated 

 that Bartonella usually appears in the blood of splenectomized 

 •dogs, but Ray and Idnani (1938) find the infection to be 



