CONTENTS. 



11 



CHAPTER IH. 



FORMATION OF CORAL REEFS AND ISLANDS, AND CAUSES OF THEIR FEATURES. 



I. Formation of Reefs. ..----- 



I. Origin of Coral Sands, and of the Reef-Rock. - 

 II. Origin of the Shore Platform. . - - . „ 



III. Effects of Winds and Gales. ...... 



II. Causes Modifying the Forms and Growth of Reefs. - 



I. Barrier and Fringing Reefs. ...... 



II. Atoll Reefs. - ....... 



III. Rate of Growth of Reefs. ------ 



IV. Origin op the Barrier Condition of Reefs, and of the Atoll 



form of Coral Islands. ------ 



I. Old Views. 



II. Origin of Channels within Barriers. - 

 III. Origin of Lagoons of Atolls. - - - 



V. The Completed Atoll. ------- 



PAGE. 



222 



222 

 230 

 235 



238 



239 

 248 

 249 



254 

 254 

 257 

 266 

 273 



CHAPTER TV. 



GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF CORAL REEFS AND ISLANDS. 301 



CHAPTER. V. 



CHANGES OF LEVEL IN THE PACIFIC OCEAN. 

 I. Evidences of Change of Level. - - - - - 



II. Subsidence indicated by Atolls and Barrier Reefs. 



III. Effect of the Subsidence. ..... 



IV. Period of the Subsidence. ------ 



V. Elevations of Modern Eras in the Pacific. ... 



320 

 323 

 332 

 333 

 334 



CHAPTER VI. 



GEOLOGICAL CONCLUSIONS. 



I. Formation of Limestones. 

 II. Beds of Limestone with Ltving Margins. 

 III. Making of Thick Strata of Limestones. - 



350 

 352 

 352 



