FrsnvARY 21, 1863. ] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE AND AGRICULTURAL S 179 
the waters of the oolitic limestone flow over the edge anc the past autumn. On ust 25 and 26, 22 | tended use of 
Mr в, which is з already 
of ue Oxford clay. А. very different country then is нагнаў ее ciay and partly stone one brash, which had ешр1оу‹ ей; оп шалу зеге їп that neighbourhood. 
d iffer or d 
ging tingiu other respects — - 
M with a larger share of pasture 1 - | breasts), and on Augus Tth, 21 acres ofthe piece were | their ш  сшїйуайоп ; ; tho dir Stock on the 
rounded orn fences, KR ду s ' good cross scarified without moving the apparatus. On the | sists of a of al down "ew 
ven of hedgerow timber. It both | 28th, 13 acres of clay land which had been previously | the уан are sold b at or 18 months old. 
sides of the ve ermin the Great Oolite bun the | moved by steam, were scarified. On the 29th another | dairy herd of Short-h a d is also kept, n 
Oxford clay teens ^s кс Giles Bimoids of | 18 acres were scari rifie d—in bo th cases Ше apparatus siderable number of cows are annually fattened off. 
Fast L е коч s own Such a valley, | being moved at enisi have we seen feeding 
sending ear and co sire irt stream to the , On the 30th they commenced p rinm (with t on is more Genre ca paid to the comfort a 
hamis, that you reach East Leach o f а 20-асге piece o ipsi can ie ré. of the beast; 
Burford. There аге few prettier villages than Jothrüp: d аз sand E Seri ai Тыз eX E The large dnx ind ve oxen | em 
‚у чн s h the road leads y Ihe churches ^ "o ot which not MM » for now reduced ; some 30 о fatt 
ер і each other, th. i а f being merely а пена ng for labour, and'a 
rounds e Gothic windows of a e dene i abus was ten to a field of 24 acres Wheat fow гта less аге kept. It is wii to doubt 
Ming ho stubble on DA la nd, This. with. moving after € when the full effect of the a 8 has been 
the hamlet, are uid in succession, and at le m gd finishing the j another On ved, a much larger saving i bou lon and 
reach the scattered homestead with the large and | ће last da ay (барь 6) of the second week t hey cora- ox E will be effected than has hitherto been 
comfortable farm-house, "the bui dings, sheds, and | menced ploughing a 50-асге field of Clover lea for |а ted. 
barns, without much plan or visible arrangement, | Wheat, but worked only five hours that дау; the piece 
and the large unoccupied чә ора tothom, all | was finished on Friday night, and the apparatus was COTT. TTAGES FOR LABOURE 
characteristic of the эле саш -« mid moved back to the first piece which had been worked! THE cottago accommodation for farm ста has 
r. Edmonds occupies оа опе of 1200 | оп August 27; this n 21 — was scarified in by the attention from а} majori rity. of 
arable acres and 250 acres iw phsturé, wee to ie one day. Inthe NM age eeks the ey h ad lost one day, | the land 
homestead, though provided also with two or three | moved five times, 2 acres, Pd beoe ае property patct whole, or 
others in other parts of 16; and the second, at some | the s d ti with the digging breas ts a great part of a parish, it is clearly the part of the 
distance, of 800 acres arable and 150 acres pasture. Of | 20 acres, and "оной 50. ida all 134 acres of owner of such property to it that the cottages are fit 
the arable land about 700 acres are stiff clay, cord | scarifying, and 50 acres алад ghi ng, whic h would | for human vr to ың, and I think very man 
t xfor i remai: of the am: i 
ployed formerly is 
nobili nd 
land is the brashy soil of, the upper oolite. Of course | it in the time. The wages of the men and boys to their duties and it has been my lot to be connected 
the management of eee acres of arable land is a very | employed in ploughing and scarifying by pow | I 
-large business, requiring the employment on an average | would, during these threo — have een probably | is considered nd 
of about 100 men, 20 boys, and 40 women throughout | denm and the foo d of 1 the hor would have been at | where eottages hav pei en er img in сй». еа 
e year. The labour bill cannot fall far short of f fael , wages, mid ке: | suited to the requ тана of the labourer. 
8200, per annum, or 32s. an acre. Тһе horses em- лач вре ent in steam m ploughing, at 30у. = р ‘di dn In pari ishes m districts where no large owners of 
ployed on these farms have varied from 40 to 44, and | exceed 971.1 inall And beside the 
some 50 oxen have been kept enabling the work of cost, it must be remembered that the | uperiority of orst condition, because there is no 
es or 16 teams on alternate days — 7 or 8 constantly | the work by steam power on the clay lands at any rate | опе to take | еч leas. interest in them other than the 
mployed. Тһе rotation of cropping а із 4 ul is unquestiona able. enant ине. ч cannot be supposed >> 5 capital 
b the ае land and 3-field on the hea Whea The foll g is th , yet who may do towards 
Mangel Turnips, Barley, Clover 0 or Peas x Sept. 15 Haltday ploughing fallow land for Wheat, heir ЖОС by жы to their Эна 
Boans on the "light land; Wheat, Beans, Vetches or [marin Mig Ape me m "6 ене neseasity of ња аа pis am labourers ; still 
E 2 senis с ее эге а егу ме mera | 5 17 Scarified same piece worked Sept. 3d, 4th, ss dé afraid t daa ces the REP. of 
E 
s 7 р т Шор шу, E тор, ее мањ Es and some ex LN nior edi ња 0 | the ріст ed vin ёс em of his paying 
acres Oi ia p ear е cu $ o о і апа move 
The land for the most part lies wonderfully well for х 16 inm ified p ean for Wheat d | the present age requires а pé rofitable eee h зе; 
steam cultivation—in a series of fields, 30 to 50 e DET Ee Ta dd i sm ed s : [1] "but the better the dwelling, the mo ral and 
i e , —lai e those w 
rection of such cottage! 
да Эро ditto, 
ved 
or Veto BODL: 
jus: s apparatus had been con-| ,, E ЕАР vie stable Stone brashland ..) it is to в hoped t 
күрче o at the. ow of the original enelosure. P M No dio zu s day t (91 0 оё property will consider if they cannot do som thing 
Mr. ] the U. Bu еа» 27 Ditto, across the most of work done the last? 22 0 
Fowler's M Vorse-power engine with аршр1ее three days the land has almost eaough to pay already, yet every 
apparatus, 800 yards of wire rope, and 4-furm od Flopghed дот clay land for When. і € y increases its d э hy to the proprietor, а 
balance plough and cultivator. Не had реи ос ^1 Ditto dit to ditto *" 800 are to be fou o willing even now to gi 
hired the Cirencester steam tackle and been satisfied |  $ pito а itto, and moved? miles ) ape rents than [^ m 
with the quality of the work done by it, though not! ,, 3 Digging Wheat. stuoie, part ps clay, pen e situation of the cottage is of very grea 
with its speed. The men from Leeds however, who 4 jM а Б atib ^ айы” 27 0|portance, and ought to be well con фир po 
ine him, got his 4, Ж bein selected ; th 18 
f H > 3,0008 Ditto ditto ditto ditto g selecte e emm im Ings 
into rapid movement from the first, and they have » 7 Moved and digging Wheat stubble, " stir) - healthiness of the spot and the near To the 
hen NOM it,by a mode of payment which 8 Дө» › bart ppa та откен 13 0 man's daily employment; I much We сер о апа 
Neither e есине ета аан асин ате A Mus Digging, Wheat stubble, part My and "i dry site, and let the soil be > porous M — as ун 
таз r 12 or adjoini 
instance brook any delay. Hope porters, if not | ,, 10 Tisderéd bya foot Path znd moved . К igl dwellings, they should be erected i in blocks -of 
cleared out of the way, were ploughed down, and the| » TM armis, beasnoliaiiog gb; o Mode. | 
g » ^4 Digging Wheat Ыз“: zo np? Tof ihe gres wants of tho labourer s тре 
which. they have 1 never since forgotten. » 15 Ditto ditto, and moved .. ==.:  .. little society. The districts ring i 
h tt » 16 Digging sandy land and stone brash .. .. | accommodation are those that dori "the “most . part con- 
charge of the hired ap apparatus were satisfied, 7 ог З астез » 17 Ditto — dito ^ dito .. ЕА 1 than 
Ed Dlonghing, Sa or аг es Eee cioe уы or x 200 over the| ^ 20 Ditto ЕЯ ditto RICE A | the grazing districts; and in such localities the labourer 
consi o | 
; by 
cg uring th ркы а TO 
54 days in es September, and October, 490 aeres| » 2 Р loughing ШЗ stubble, beginning "2 nearly all arable land „ы EU of which is com- 
of land were on. 144 being ploughed, 239 being | ,, -24 Ditto . ditto hindered through having 16 o pelled to pay 1s. per w о his men more than his 
i and the rest being worked with the digging earte cause Ре it to Ax neighbours, and this is eulely i i consequence of his great 
upon the plough frame. • The depth and 25 Ploughing ditto md тоте. эы distance from the surroundin rd D 
eene Pc of "the санаба left nothing = H » 27 Ditto and m zí т -., 5 з жош@ not be able to command the class 
What is now lying fallow for не 3s Ditto ditto. = СТЕ ourers he would yas most of biom 0 ha 
smashed Np far Mangel Ware mind Turnia; чей, and | | » 129 Ditto ао and moved } mile .. od ш of two miles to their 
deeply vare t plant on the steam-| То "his must be added about 20 acres of Wheat | extra outlay go far towards paying ат the - 
-ploughed Clover leal ЫА ан stubble ploughed for Beans in тоза онча И in all ton i of good з! ч or contiguous to the farm 
following are the expenses of the operation :— | 510 acres aecomplished d ast m Wi in the shape of the in creased 
or wages—engineer (the home: blacksmith), 3s. ; | have little doubt that if equal € fotone ds vd ded of ie x. 
anchorman and роодо. ls. 8d. gen. -— porter mac e during the coming year, Mr. Edmonds will e|% The cost of building a cottage is now-a-days very 
lads, 1s. each daily; а — » all to а day. able to report the accomplishment of 1400 various, and we must not take Dons. pani А landlords 
"To this, however, is added 14. per ыд am both | 1500 acres by next winter. It is when the — аз ornaments to their properties 
»engineer and ploughman for es accomplished, and а of interest and d eterioration of. value hav els ав are erecte 
34. an acre to the anchorman, во that the thre ee have bed 
*earned in addition to their wages the sum economy р the process will be the most apparent. i is the zu зеб оға. 
M be divideg among them during the two autumn | Мг. Edmonds o а uem as follows of "he work done оше. In the first dt p 
| the materials used, and 
and wai is nedtled, costing 3s. 60. to 4s. | “Т consider th t 
КЕ für the недр of water з cost | about as follows :— Daily ei expenses, eerte 38, аав 
3s. а ton he gtation—probably 20s. a ton » the Ari cur 25. ro) Anchorman, 2s. 2d, ; three 
ind—and 15 д t. e . | 8s.; Water carts, 4s.; Coals (15 сті), 158. ; Oil, Ы 
Adding to all these items about 13, а day for oil, we 31. 2d., or оп 55 worl ys, 857. 14s. 9d. | 
have a total expenditure of at least ‚ 905. doily, | Add to this four months е сар" inte rest and wear 
іа ploughing on an average 7 to 8 acres, or in scarifying | and tear at 21 per cent. Ке? ааа on 9002—81. а 
Ao to 12ain or in cross scarifying, 18 to 22 acres. making the total cost for cres of scarifying and 
of wages an. 
e cost ages and fuel and bei а Du 
thus amounts to 4s,; in scarifying, to ‚ or 3s. 
aud ing, from 15s. to 15, 94, in 
every case there must be added 21d. an acre extra asa 
ty men. Тһе repairs т the 
apparatus after 500 acres of work, are literally no : 
the € been confined to a few shares or 
T c e is b oe to be still 
